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The way I see it is that the samples cluster with modern France have mixed local Batavian/Germanic ancestry with Roman/Italian (+ a few other regions). That's what the Y-DNA haplogroups suggest. The paper also says:

Here are the haplogroups. All the samples are from Valkenburg near Leiden in South Holland (not Valkenburg near Maastricht). They all date from the Early Imperial period (0-200 CE) except CL023 that dates from the Iron Age (500-100 BCE). Autosomally all cluster around the Low Countries and...

A new preprint from De Coster at al. Study Objective The research investigates the demographic makeup of Roman military communities stationed along the empire's frontier, known as the Lower Rhine Limes. To understand the origins of these populations, the authors utilized ancient DNA (aDNA) and...

I followed up by asking if that is why countries like Japan and South Korea, where people tend to be thinner and smaller, the COVID death rate was significantly lower than in countries with high obesity rates like Egypt, Russia, the Balkans, or the United States. This is especially striking in...

The COVID pandemic showed that the virus spread especially through a few people known as superemitters. In his book, Revenge of the Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell explains that a British study found that a full 86 percent of all of the COVID virus particles detected in their group of infected...

After years of negotiation, the new EU–Australia Free Trade Agreement (FTA) has officially come into force this month — a major step in strengthening economic ties between Europe and Australia. Here’s a quick breakdown of what’s in it and why it matters. Key points Tariff reduction: Over 95% of...

Their R1b clade is under DF19>DF88>Z17121.

I have updated the map Market share of newly registered electric & hybrid cars. You can see how the market share dramatically increased in many countries from 2021 to 2025.

I have updated the map of Renewable energy as percentage of primary energy supply. You can now see the evolution from 2018 to 2024.

In Europe, cousin marriage is only prohibited in Austria, countries from former Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Greece, Ukraine, Belgium and Norway. It is also banned in Romania with some exemptions. Here is the map of the legality of cousin marriages from the Wikipedia article. Children whose...

Very interesting. Despite the US and Canada having very few Belgian immigrants, historically, many states are genetically closest to Belgians. That's easy to understand as Belgians are intermediary between the British, Dutch, German and North French. New York and New Jersey are closest to the...

Obviously, cousin marriages are not completely unheard of in Europe. It used to be relatively common in past centuries, especially in rural areas where the local population was small. Here are the modern frequencies of cousin marriages in various European countries. CountryPercentage...

One thing that distinguishes Muslim societies from non-Muslim ones is the prevalence of cousin marriages. These are especially common in countries that apply the Sharia law or have an Islamist government. Ethnicity also appears to be a factor. Cousin marriage is much more prevalent in North...

The same channel also reconstituted ancient Carthage at its peak in the 3rd century BCE. I can't comment on the historical accuracy of the buildings, but the video certainly is very nice. The wars remind me of those of medieval Southern Spain, while the streets remind me of Valletta in Malta and...

This is one of the best reconstruction of the streets of Rome I have ever seen. However, there are still a few problems. The aerial view shows a completely random building layout. The temples, the Colosseum and the main monuments are not at all in the right location. The view inside the...

It won't come as a surprise to anyone that immigrants from muslim countries in Africa tend to have more children than Europeans. If you ever wondered how big is that gap in each European country here are the numbers for 2024. Next to the fertility rate, you see the share of births for each...

Many African cities now have too many cars like in the United States. Dakar, the capital of Senegal, has decided to follow the European model and invest in 100% electric buses and bicycle lanes to reduce traffic congestion and pollution. It's good to see that quality of life is fast improving in...

Another aspect of the scam behind X is the fake engagement generated for subscriptions. I asked the AI whether it was true that the increased views and likes that people get by getting the subscription on x.com are mostly from bots or (human) click farms in Africa and Asia? Answer : It is...

Senegal now has nicer trains than in most of the US. Meanwhile, Uganda does not just have electric buses, but manufactures its own electric buses and exports them to other African nations. How many people in the West know that Africa has an EV industry of its own?