The diverse genetic origins of a Classical period Greek army

[Duarte]

Two runs, just for fun.

[TH="class: singleheader, colspan: 2, align: left"]Target: Duarte_G25simulated
Distance: 0.0048% / 0.00482073 [/TH]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]26.3[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Basque_Navarre_Center:1267[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]21.1[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Greek:MAK249[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]17.2[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Basque_Navarre_Center:1256[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]15.5[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Basque_Navarre_Center:2373[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]4.6[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Berber_Algeria:BerZN181[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]4.5[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Greek:MES19[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]4.1[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Berber_Algeria:BerZN151[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]3.1[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Greek:CYCL12[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]2.7[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Greek:CYCL1[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]0.7[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Greek:IL21[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]0.2[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Basque_Navarre_Center:1266[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TH="class: singleheader, colspan: 2, align: left"]Target: Duarte_G25simulated
Distance: 0.0055% / 0.00547142
[/TH]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]32.8[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Spanish_Aragon_North:2342[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]12.3[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Spanish_Aragon_North:1401[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]10.9[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Spanish_Aragon_North:1892[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]10.1[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Italian_North:ALP134[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]5.9[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Italian_North:Nei27[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]5.6[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Italian_North:ALP342[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]5.1[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Italian_North:ALP392[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]4.3[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Berber_Algeria:BerZN156[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]4.3[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Italian_North:ALP481[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]3.3[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Berber_Algeria:BerZN151[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]1.5[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Italian_North:ALP67[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]1.3[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Berber_Algeria:BerZN189[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]1.0[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Berber_Algeria:BerZN187[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]1.0[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Italian_North:Nei18[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]0.6[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Berber_Algeria:BerZN182[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

 

[Salento]

The new modern Apulian samples are all from Grecìa-Salentina, ... their general Y Haplogroup:

PuG20 R1b1a2a1a2a1b3~2
PuG74 R1b1a2a1a2a1b3~2
PuG46 R1a1a1
PuG33 E1b1b
PuG66 J1
PuG12 J2a1b1
PuG17 J2a1i
PuG28 J2a1i
PuG37 J2a1i
PuG58 J2b2

 

[Pax Augusta]

The new modern Apulian samples are all from Grecìa-Salentina, ... their general Y Haplogroup:

PuG20 R1b1a2a1a2a1b3~2
PuG74 R1b1a2a1a2a1b3~2
PuG46 R1a1a1
PuG33 E1b1b
PuG66 J1
PuG12 J2a1b1
PuG17 J2a1i
PuG28 J2a1i
PuG37 J2a1i
PuG58 J2b2

Great job as usual, Salento.

Where did you find their Y-DNA?

 

[Salento]

Great job as usual, Salento.

Where did you find their Y-DNA?

I converted the samples in the Dataset in a 23andme Format, and then:

https://ytree.morleydna.com/extractFromAutosomal

 

[Jovialis]

Lazaridis actually made a comment about the new HO samples, they are indeed genotyped, and called, "Human Origins Array"

https://twitter.com/iosif_lazaridis/status/1577068049848410112?cxt=HHwWgICpnaTC7-IrAAAA

 

[Jovialis]

Lazaridis actually made a comment about the new HO samples, they are indeed genotyped, and called, "Human Origins Array"

https://twitter.com/iosif_lazaridis/status/1577068049848410112?cxt=HHwWgICpnaTC7-IrAAAA

I found this:

Axiom Genome-Wide Human Origins 1 Array is a unique genotyping panel optimized for population geneticists that has been designed in collaboration with leading investigators, solely for studying human history, migration, and natural selection. The Array has genomic markers from 11 different modern human populations and archaic hominids. Each marker has been cleanly ascertained in samples of known ancestry, is well annotated and genotype-tested, enabling robust statistical analysis and avoiding the confounding biases that can be introduced by use of GWAS arrays for population genetic studies.

Benefits of Axiom Genome-Wide Human Origins 1 Array:
• Establishes a common set of ~629,000 SNPs that can be typed in diverse populations
• Includes markers from 11 modern human populations, making it a valuable tool for population geneticists and evolutionary biologists as well as for consumer genomic firms that offer ancestry testing
• SNPs were selected from sites with read coverage from Neanderthals, Denisovans, and chimpanzees, enabling the users to compare data from modern humans to archaic hominids and apes
• Includes SNPs that were cleanly ascertained and well-documented, overcoming the limitations and drawbacks of SNP arrays otherwise designed for use in medical genetics and GWAS studies
• Each marker is high-quality and genotype-tested for high sample pass rate, call rate, and reproducibility
• Supports diverse sample inputs including blood, saliva, cell line, and whole-genome amplified DNA
• Compatible with the Axiom 2.0 Reagent Kit, GeneTitan MC Instrument's automated or manual workflow, and Axiom Analysis Suite

[url]https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/901853
[/URL]

 

[Salento]

I finalized the Ancient coordinates, a few samples had extra bams, so I merged them, I also replaced the ENA I10949 with the ReichLab version (it matches his Haplogroup), because as of now, ENA is still displaying the main I10944 bam as I10949 (duplicates).

Ancient Dodecad K12B coordinates:
https://www.eupedia.com/forum/threa...iod-Greek-army?p=659481&viewfull=1#post659481

 

[Angela]

Thanks, Salento.

My husband's new results:

[TH="class: singleheader, colspan: 2, align: left"]Target: AJF
Distance: 0.8983% / 0.89826871

[/TH]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]55.2[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]35.8[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Himera_Civilian_Pop_Med[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]3.9[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus_lc[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]3.3[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Himera_Civilian_Pop_Med_lc[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]1.8[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Himera_480_BC_Battle_NE-Europe_lc[/TD]

The first one in the two way is pretty close. The soldiers in the 409 B.C. battle would have been local hoplites.

[TABLE="class: distances"]
[TR]
[TH="align: right"]Distance to:[/TH]
[TH="align: left"]AJF[/TH]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #3FFF00, align: right"]1.85619324[/TD]
[TD]62.40% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17884 + 37.60% Himera_Civilian_Pop_Med:I20166[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #9DFF00, align: right"]4.61240351[/TD]
[TD]74.60% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I10952 + 25.40% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus_lc:I17872[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #A1FF00, align: right"]4.74210886[/TD]
[TD]72.60% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I10948 + 27.40% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus_lc:I17872[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #A2FF00, align: right"]4.75706105[/TD]
[TD]23.60% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus_lc:I17872 + 76.40% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I7217[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #A6FF00, align: right"]4.86800142[/TD]
[TD]58.00% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17884 + 42.00% Himera_Civilian_Pop_Med:I20168[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #A8FF00, align: right"]4.95129315[/TD]
[TD]27.80% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus_lc:I17872 + 72.20% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I7224[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #A9FF00, align: right"]4.98300118[/TD]
[TD]27.60% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus_lc:I17872 + 72.40% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I7218[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #B4FF00, align: right"]5.29093229[/TD]
[TD]79.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I10945 + 21.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus_lc:I17872[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #BBFF00, align: right"]5.50729369[/TD]
[TD]67.00% Baucina_MtFalcone_Sicani_Med:I13125 + 33.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus_lc:I17872[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #C8FF00, align: right"]5.89197248[/TD]
[TD]34.60% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17866 + 65.40% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17884[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #CAFF00, align: right"]5.93711491[/TD]
[TD]71.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I10948 + 29.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus:I10951[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #CCFF00, align: right"]6.00769272[/TD]
[TD]77.40% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17866 + 22.60% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus_lc:I17872[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #CEFF00, align: right"]6.05798745[/TD]
[TD]35.20% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus:I10951 + 64.80% Himera_Civilian_Pop_Med_lc:I17878[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #CEFF00, align: right"]6.06606718[/TD]
[TD]69.80% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17884 + 30.20% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I7221[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #D0FF00, align: right"]6.12257492[/TD]
[TD]19.20% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Balkans_Cent-Europe:I10950 + 80.80% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17884[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #D5FF00, align: right"]6.25160378[/TD]
[TD]31.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I10952 + 69.00% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17884[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #D7FF00, align: right"]6.33110742[/TD]
[TD]64.60% Himera_Civilian_Pop_Med:I20166 + 35.40% Himera_Civilian_Pop_Med_lc:I20167[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #DAFF00, align: right"]6.40238240[/TD]
[TD]73.00% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17884 + 27.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I7219[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #DBFF00, align: right"]6.43059303[/TD]
[TD]8.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_NE-Europe:I10943 + 92.00% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17884[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #DCFF00, align: right"]6.47257319[/TD]
[TD]7.80% Himera_480_BC_Battle_NE-Europe_lc:I10949 + 92.20% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17884[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #DFFF00, align: right"]6.55530566[/TD]
[TD]35.20% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I10945 + 64.80% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17884[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #E1FF00, align: right"]6.62680172[/TD]
[TD]32.40% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus:I10951 + 67.60% Himera_Civilian_Pop_Med_lc:I20162[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #E2FF00, align: right"]6.64995893[/TD]
[TD]27.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus_lc:I17872 + 73.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I7219[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #E3FF00, align: right"]6.66244045[/TD]
[TD]33.60% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus_lc:I17872 + 66.40% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I7223[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #E5FF00, align: right"]6.73589437[/TD]
[TD]23.80% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus:I10951 + 76.20% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I7217
[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]

[TH="class: singleheader, colspan: 2, align: left"]Target: AJF
Distance: 0.8983% / 0.89826871

[/TH]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]55.2[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]35.8[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Himera_Civilian_Pop_Med[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]3.9[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus_lc[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]3.3[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Himera_Civilian_Pop_Med_lc[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]1.8[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Himera_480_BC_Battle_NE-Europe_lc[/TD]

 

[Angela]

Thanks, Salento.

My husband's new results:

[TH="class: singleheader, colspan: 2, align: left"]Target: AJF
Distance: 0.8983% / 0.89826871
[/TH]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]55.2[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]35.8[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Himera_Civilian_Pop_Med[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]3.9[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus_lc[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]3.3[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Himera_Civilian_Pop_Med_lc[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]1.8[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Himera_480_BC_Battle_NE-Europe_lc[/TD]

The first one in the two way is pretty close. The soldiers in the 409 B.C. battle would have been local hoplites.

[TABLE="class: distances"]
[TR]
[TH="align: right"]Distance to:[/TH]
[TH="align: left"]AJF[/TH]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #3FFF00, align: right"]1.85619324[/TD]
[TD]62.40% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17884 + 37.60% Himera_Civilian_Pop_Med:I20166[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #9DFF00, align: right"]4.61240351[/TD]
[TD]74.60% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I10952 + 25.40% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus_lc:I17872[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #A1FF00, align: right"]4.74210886[/TD]
[TD]72.60% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I10948 + 27.40% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus_lc:I17872[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #A2FF00, align: right"]4.75706105[/TD]
[TD]23.60% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus_lc:I17872 + 76.40% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I7217[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #A6FF00, align: right"]4.86800142[/TD]
[TD]58.00% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17884 + 42.00% Himera_Civilian_Pop_Med:I20168[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #A8FF00, align: right"]4.95129315[/TD]
[TD]27.80% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus_lc:I17872 + 72.20% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I7224[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #A9FF00, align: right"]4.98300118[/TD]
[TD]27.60% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus_lc:I17872 + 72.40% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I7218[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #B4FF00, align: right"]5.29093229[/TD]
[TD]79.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I10945 + 21.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus_lc:I17872[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #BBFF00, align: right"]5.50729369[/TD]
[TD]67.00% Baucina_MtFalcone_Sicani_Med:I13125 + 33.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus_lc:I17872[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #C8FF00, align: right"]5.89197248[/TD]
[TD]34.60% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17866 + 65.40% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17884[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #CAFF00, align: right"]5.93711491[/TD]
[TD]71.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I10948 + 29.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus:I10951[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #CCFF00, align: right"]6.00769272[/TD]
[TD]77.40% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17866 + 22.60% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus_lc:I17872[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #CEFF00, align: right"]6.05798745[/TD]
[TD]35.20% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus:I10951 + 64.80% Himera_Civilian_Pop_Med_lc:I17878[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #CEFF00, align: right"]6.06606718[/TD]
[TD]69.80% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17884 + 30.20% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I7221[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #D0FF00, align: right"]6.12257492[/TD]
[TD]19.20% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Balkans_Cent-Europe:I10950 + 80.80% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17884[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #D5FF00, align: right"]6.25160378[/TD]
[TD]31.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I10952 + 69.00% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17884[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #D7FF00, align: right"]6.33110742[/TD]
[TD]64.60% Himera_Civilian_Pop_Med:I20166 + 35.40% Himera_Civilian_Pop_Med_lc:I20167[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #DAFF00, align: right"]6.40238240[/TD]
[TD]73.00% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17884 + 27.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I7219[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #DBFF00, align: right"]6.43059303[/TD]
[TD]8.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_NE-Europe:I10943 + 92.00% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17884[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #DCFF00, align: right"]6.47257319[/TD]
[TD]7.80% Himera_480_BC_Battle_NE-Europe_lc:I10949 + 92.20% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17884[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #DFFF00, align: right"]6.55530566[/TD]
[TD]35.20% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I10945 + 64.80% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17884[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #E1FF00, align: right"]6.62680172[/TD]
[TD]32.40% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus:I10951 + 67.60% Himera_Civilian_Pop_Med_lc:I20162[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #E2FF00, align: right"]6.64995893[/TD]
[TD]27.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus_lc:I17872 + 73.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I7219[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #E3FF00, align: right"]6.66244045[/TD]
[TD]33.60% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus_lc:I17872 + 66.40% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I7223[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #E5FF00, align: right"]6.73589437[/TD]
[TD]23.80% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus:I10951 + 76.20% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I7217[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]

[TH="class: singleheader, colspan: 2, align: left"]Target: AJF
Distance: 0.8983% / 0.89826871
[/TH]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]55.2[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]35.8[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Himera_Civilian_Pop_Med[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]3.9[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus_lc[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]3.3[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Himera_Civilian_Pop_Med_lc[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]1.8[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Himera_480_BC_Battle_NE-Europe_lc[/TD]

Closest modern populations to 120166

[TABLE="class: distances"]
[TR]
[TH="align: right"]Distance to:[/TH]
[TH="align: left"]Himera_Civilian_Pop_Med:I20166[/TH]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #0000FF, align: right"]7.00146413[/TD]
[TD]Greek_Izmir[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #0000FF, align: right"]7.53941642[/TD]
[TD]Greek_Foca[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #0000FF, align: right"]8.16654150[/TD]
[TD]Greek_Fournoi[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #0000FF, align: right"]8.36376112[/TD]
[TD]Greek_Icaria[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #0000FF, align: right"]8.52355560[/TD]
[TD]Ashkenazi_Jew[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #0000FF, align: right"]8.68658161[/TD]
[TD]Moldovan_Jewish[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #0000FF, align: right"]8.76209450[/TD]
[TD]Greek_Crete[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #0000FF, align: right"]9.00281067[/TD]
[TD]Greek_Athens[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #0000FF, align: right"]9.62135645[/TD]
[TD]Italian_Apulia[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #0000FF, align: right"]9.82482061[/TD]
[TD]Greek_Lemnos[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #0000FF, align: right"]10.11706973[/TD]
[TD]Italian_Molise[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #0000FF, align: right"]10.17894887[/TD]
[TD]Greek_Central[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #0000FF, align: right"]10.23899409[/TD]
[TD]Italian_Campania[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #0000FF, align: right"]10.38479658[/TD]
[TD]Italian_Calabria[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #0000FF, align: right"]10.73117887[/TD]
[TD]Greek_Kos[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #0000FF, align: right"]11.00641631[/TD]
[TD]Italian_Sicily[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #0000FF, align: right"]11.28183939[/TD]
[TD]Greek_Rhodes[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #0000FF, align: right"]11.28560145[/TD]
[TD]Italian_Abruzzo[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #0000FF, align: right"]11.44035402[/TD]
[TD]Greek_Peloponnese[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #0000FF, align: right"]11.69727319[/TD]
[TD]Italian_Basilicata[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #0000FF, align: right"]12.68192809[/TD]
[TD]Italian_Jew[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #0000FF, align: right"]12.96513401[/TD]
[TD]Albanian[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #0000FF, align: right"]13.13688319[/TD]
[TD]Greek_Thessaloniki[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #0000FF, align: right"]13.89746020[/TD]
[TD]Sephardic_Jew[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #0000FF, align: right"]13.95732782[/TD]
[TD]Greek_Thrace
[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]

The soldier's closest modern population is Calabrian, so it all makes sense.

 

[bigsnake49]

Actually, all it takes for two populations to plot next to one another is nearly equal proportions of ancient components.

That's why the offspring of a Chinese person and a British person can plot in Central Asia.

I would think you'd know that.

The same plotting for Jews could be the result of a Near Eastern genome admixed with Central European German (Rhineland) and then Polish/Lithuanian, although Xue et al in 2017 claimed that 60-80% or so of the European admixture (about 50%) was Southern European.

I wasn't, however, completely convinced by the IBD analysis, as the paper was only able to posit a "general" Southern European input.

There hasn't been a more recent analysis. Probably they, along with a lot of other people, are waiting for a Hellenic Era or 1st century C.E. sample from Israel.

Yes true but you can't live among the Greeks and Italians and not pick up a few converts to Judaism. The local synagogue in a small town is dying, some shekels pass hands and all of a sudden the rules are slightly bent. Or the man makes a good marriage financially and the man does not mind the pain of adult circumcision.

If the Ashkenazis picked up Steppe via the Poles or Ukrainians would not the same strict rules against mixed marriages hold?

 

[Palermo Trapani]

Salento: Great work again and thanks:

Multi-model

[TH="class: singleheader, colspan: 2, align: left"]Target: PalermoTrapani_ANCESTRY
Distance: 1.0420% / 1.04200697
[/TH]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]35.6[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Himera_Civilian_Pop_Med[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]28.5[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]28.3[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Himera_Civilian_Pop_Med_lc[/TD]

[TD="class: barchartmode1 nonselectable, colspan: 2"][/TD]

[TD="class: singleleftcolumn, align: right"]7.6[/TD]
[TD="class: singlerightcolumn"]Himera_480_BC_Battle_NE-Europe_lc[/TD]

2-Way Models

[TABLE="class: distances"]
[TR]
[TH="align: right"]Distance to:[/TH]
[TH="align: left"]PalermoTrapani_ANCESTRY[/TH]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #97FF00, align: right"]4.44587394[/TD]
[TD]35.40% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Balkans_Cent-Europe:I10950 + 64.60% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17884[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #A3FF00, align: right"]4.78966250[/TD]
[TD]20.40% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Eurasian-Steppe:I10947 + 79.60% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17866[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #B1FF00, align: right"]5.20733552[/TD]
[TD]24.80% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus_lc:I17872 + 75.20% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I7223[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #B1FF00, align: right"]5.20902064[/TD]
[TD]16.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Eurasian_Steppe:I10944 + 84.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I7217[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #B2FF00, align: right"]5.24172438[/TD]
[TD]44.80% Himera_Civilian_Pop_Med_lc:I17878 + 55.20% Himera_Civilian_Pop_Med:I20166[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #B3FF00, align: right"]5.25816386[/TD]
[TD]19.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Eurasian_Steppe:I10944 + 81.00% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17866[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #B4FF00, align: right"]5.29950029[/TD]
[TD]19.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus_lc:I17872 + 81.00% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I7224[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #B6FF00, align: right"]5.36264504[/TD]
[TD]16.60% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Eurasian-Steppe:I10947 + 83.40% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I7217[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #B8FF00, align: right"]5.40637763[/TD]
[TD]56.60% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17884 + 43.40% Himera_Civilian_Pop_Med:I20166[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #C0FF00, align: right"]5.64518018[/TD]
[TD]83.20% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I10945 + 16.80% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Eurasian-Steppe:I10947[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #C0FF00, align: right"]5.65090562[/TD]
[TD]19.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Eurasian_Steppe:I10944 + 81.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I10948[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #C2FF00, align: right"]5.69358519[/TD]
[TD]15.80% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Eurasian_Steppe:I10944 + 84.20% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I10945[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #C8FF00, align: right"]5.87268179[/TD]
[TD]30.60% Himera_Civilian_Pop_Med:I20161 + 69.40% Himera_Civilian_Pop_Med:I20166[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #C9FF00, align: right"]5.90904581[/TD]
[TD]18.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Eurasian-Steppe:I10947 + 82.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I10952[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #C9FF00, align: right"]5.91423051[/TD]
[TD]19.60% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Eurasian-Steppe:I10947 + 80.40% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I10948[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #CAFF00, align: right"]5.94090905[/TD]
[TD]27.60% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Balkans_W-Europe_lc:I17870 + 72.40% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17884[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #D2FF00, align: right"]6.17042653[/TD]
[TD]19.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus_lc:I17872 + 81.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I7218[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #D3FF00, align: right"]6.19157722[/TD]
[TD]16.80% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Eurasian_Steppe:I10944 + 83.20% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I10952[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #D3FF00, align: right"]6.20376494[/TD]
[TD]33.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Balkans_Cent-Europe:I10946 + 67.00% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17884[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #D3FF00, align: right"]6.21786218[/TD]
[TD]17.60% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Eurasian_Steppe:I10944 + 82.40% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I7218[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #D5FF00, align: right"]6.26511294[/TD]
[TD]26.20% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus:I10951 + 73.80% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I7223[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #D5FF00, align: right"]6.27098085[/TD]
[TD]18.60% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Eurasian-Steppe:I10947 + 81.40% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I7218[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #D9FF00, align: right"]6.37116295[/TD]
[TD]72.00% Polizzello_Sicani_Med:I13376 + 28.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus_lc:I17872[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #DBFF00, align: right"]6.44548443[/TD]
[TD]23.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Eurasian-Steppe:I10947 + 77.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I7219[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #DDFF00, align: right"]6.51018434[/TD]
[TD]50.60% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17884 + 49.40% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I7224

[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]

 

[Jovialis]

Thank you Salento!

[TABLE="class: distances"]
[TR]
[TH="align: right"]Distance to:[/TH]
[TH="align: left"]Jovialis[/TH]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FF6B00, align: right"]11.86311511[/TD]
[TD]Himera_Civilian_Pop_Med:I20168[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FF5B00, align: right"]12.32108761[/TD]
[TD]Himera_Civilian_Pop_Med:I20166[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FF5500, align: right"]12.50396337[/TD]
[TD]Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I10945[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FF4700, align: right"]12.90444110[/TD]
[TD]Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I7224[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FF4400, align: right"]13.01454187[/TD]
[TD]Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I7217[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FF4200, align: right"]13.05506798[/TD]
[TD]Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I10952[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FF3D00, align: right"]13.20939438[/TD]
[TD]Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17884[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FF1700, align: right"]14.31665114[/TD]
[TD]Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17866[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FF0F00, align: right"]14.55223351[/TD]
[TD]Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I7218[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FF000B, align: right"]15.32930527[/TD]
[TD]Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I10948[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FF000C, align: right"]15.36259093[/TD]
[TD]Himera_480_BC_Battle_Balkans_Cent-Europe:I10950[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FF001F, align: right"]15.91800867[/TD]
[TD]Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I7219[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FF0024, align: right"]16.05853044[/TD]
[TD]Himera_480_BC_Battle_Balkans_Cent-Europe:I10946[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FF0026, align: right"]16.10676255[/TD]
[TD]Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I7223[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FF0046, align: right"]17.05533934[/TD]
[TD]Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I7221[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FF0050, align: right"]17.36352787[/TD]
[TD]Himera_Civilian_Pop_Med_lc:I20162[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FF0067, align: right"]18.02332655[/TD]
[TD]Baucina_MtFalcone_Sicani_Med:I13125[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FF0073, align: right"]18.38128940[/TD]
[TD]Polizzello_Sicani_Med:I13376[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FF007B, align: right"]18.63211206[/TD]
[TD]Himera_Civilian_Pop_Med:I20163[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FF0084, align: right"]18.86786951[/TD]
[TD]Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I7225[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FF0095, align: right"]19.39000000[/TD]
[TD]Himera_Civilian_Pop_Med_lc:I17878[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FF00BE, align: right"]20.57795422[/TD]
[TD]Baucina_MtFalcone_Sicani_Med_lc:I13128[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FF00C2, align: right"]20.69728968[/TD]
[TD]Polizzello_Sicani_Med:I13391[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FF00CA, align: right"]20.94481797[/TD]
[TD]Himera_480_BC_Battle_Balkans_W-Europe_lc:I17870[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FF00D1, align: right"]21.14022469[/TD]
[TD]Polizzello_Sicani_Med:I13379

[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]

[TABLE="class: distances"]
[TR]
[TH="align: right"]Distance to:[/TH]
[TH="align: left"]Jovialis[/TH]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #86FF00, align: right"]3.94049777[/TD]
[TD]27.40% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Eurasian-Steppe:I10947 + 72.60% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17866[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #91FF00, align: right"]4.26724109[/TD]
[TD]26.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Eurasian_Steppe:I10944 + 74.00% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17866[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #9BFF00, align: right"]4.54497499[/TD]
[TD]23.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Eurasian_Steppe:I10944 + 77.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I10945[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #9CFF00, align: right"]4.58703028[/TD]
[TD]29.40% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Eurasian-Steppe:I10947 + 70.60% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I7219[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #9CFF00, align: right"]4.59214887[/TD]
[TD]25.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Eurasian-Steppe:I10947 + 75.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I10952[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #A1FF00, align: right"]4.74628203[/TD]
[TD]23.80% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Eurasian_Steppe:I10944 + 76.20% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I10952[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #A2FF00, align: right"]4.76676231[/TD]
[TD]76.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I10945 + 24.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Eurasian-Steppe:I10947[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #A9FF00, align: right"]4.95642918[/TD]
[TD]28.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Eurasian_Steppe:I10944 + 72.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I7219[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #ACFF00, align: right"]5.05416754[/TD]
[TD]45.60% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Balkans_Cent-Europe:I10950 + 54.40% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17884[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #B3FF00, align: right"]5.25979184[/TD]
[TD]23.40% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Eurasian_Steppe:I10944 + 76.60% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I7217[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #B5FF00, align: right"]5.33171637[/TD]
[TD]65.60% Himera_Civilian_Pop_Med:I20166 + 34.40% Himera_Civilian_Pop_Med_lc:I20167[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #BCFF00, align: right"]5.51765531[/TD]
[TD]31.80% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus:I10951 + 68.20% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I7223[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #C0FF00, align: right"]5.65736436[/TD]
[TD]19.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_NE-Europe:I10943 + 81.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I10945[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #C1FF00, align: right"]5.68416556[/TD]
[TD]81.40% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I10945 + 18.60% Himera_480_BC_Battle_NE-Europe_lc:I10949[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #C2FF00, align: right"]5.69778862[/TD]
[TD]24.40% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Eurasian-Steppe:I10947 + 75.60% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I7217[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #D2FF00, align: right"]6.17146620[/TD]
[TD]35.20% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus:I10951 + 64.80% Himera_Civilian_Pop_Med:I20163[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #D9FF00, align: right"]6.37533652[/TD]
[TD]19.60% Himera_480_BC_Battle_NE-Europe:I10943 + 80.40% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17884[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #D9FF00, align: right"]6.38097868[/TD]
[TD]30.40% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Eurasian-Steppe:I10947 + 69.60% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I7221[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #DAFF00, align: right"]6.42019685[/TD]
[TD]28.40% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Caucasus_lc:I17872 + 71.60% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I7223[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #DAFF00, align: right"]6.42066504[/TD]
[TD]33.40% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Balkans_W-Europe_lc:I17870 + 66.60% Himera_Civilian_Pop_Med:I20168[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #DBFF00, align: right"]6.45365497[/TD]
[TD]19.00% Himera_480_BC_Battle_NE-Europe_lc:I10949 + 81.00% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17884[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #DFFF00, align: right"]6.55406644[/TD]
[TD]26.40% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Eurasian_Steppe:I10944 + 73.60% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I10948[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #DFFF00, align: right"]6.56087797[/TD]
[TD]21.20% Himera_480_BC_Battle_NE-Europe:I10943 + 78.80% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17866[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #DFFF00, align: right"]6.56691446[/TD]
[TD]20.60% Himera_480_BC_Battle_NE-Europe_lc:I10949 + 79.40% Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I17866[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #E0FF00, align: right"]6.60120471[/TD]
[TD]25.20% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Eurasian_Steppe:I10944 + 74.80% Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I7218

[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]

 

[Angela]

Yes true but you can't live among the Greeks and Italians and not pick up a few converts to Judaism. The local synagogue in a small town is dying, some shekels pass hands and all of a sudden the rules are slightly bent. Or the man makes a good marriage financially and the man does not mind the pain of adult circumcision.

If the Ashkenazis picked up Steppe via the Poles or Ukrainians would not the same strict rules against mixed marriages hold?

First of all, your comment is insulting and borders on being anti-Semitic. Moreover, if you were familiar with the history of these periods you'd know that it wasn't the Rabbi you really had to worry about; he'd just excommunicate any member of his community who converted to Christianity. The problem was the priest or the Bishop if a Christian tried to convert to Judaism. They'd burn you at the stake.

That's over and above the fact that circumcision as an adult male was not a minor thing in the days before antibiotics etc.

Second of all, anyone marrying into the Jewish community even from the days of Constantine would have to willingly decide to become part of a despised and mistreated minority. By the Middle Ages, Jews had to wear distinctive symbols, only follow certain professions, live in certain circumscribed areas. At a certain point, the law demanded that they be locked into their ghettos at night in some areas, including Piemonte in Italy. At any time some aristocrat who didn't feel like paying back the loans he took out, or the merchants who couldn't take the competition, could whip up the mob, and the Jews would have to leave in the best case scenario, or face conversion or death in the worst case scenario.

It doesn't sound to me like a lot of men would decide it was worth it, even if they managed to meet a young Jewish woman, and especially if they were facing death if discovered.

However, we don't have to rely on common sense or what we THINK men would do. Let's try a novel approach. Let's look at the yDna of Ashkenazi Jews. "European" y dna is a "very" small percentage of the whole.

I hate to think, much less speak of it, but some of the what there is undoubtedly came as a result of the rapes reported during pogroms etc., although I'm sure many fetuses were aborted. There's a reason Eastern European Jewish women shaved their heads and wore head scarves.

So, the European genetic flow into Ashkenazi Jews was from European women, as papers showed starting 12 years ago by looking at mtDna.

It's also pretty likely that it took place before the time of Constantine, because from then on converting to Judaism was a crime punishable by death. You think a young woman could just disappear from a Christian home and appear in a Jewish one as a Jewish woman and no one would notice, like her parents, relatives, friends, people in the town? Even if some got away with it, you think that's enough to account for 40-50% of the Jewish genome?

The only other possibility for pushing it a bit forward in time would be if the women came from isolated areas in Christendom which were not yet completely Christianized. Priests were still coming up into my Lunigiana in the 500s to knock down the Statue Stelae which people still worshipped. Interestingly enough, one of the papers on the source of this female Gentile ancestry which flowed into the founding Ashkenazi population proposed that it was Italian women from Tuscany and further north who provided that ancestry to the Italian Jews who moved to the Rhineland. It's certainly true that some of the most esteemed Jewish families in the Rhineland came from that area.

As for the 10-15% Lithuanian/Polish ancestry in the Ashkenazim, from what I've read, at the time of their arrival in the east a certain percentage, particularly in Lithuania, were not yet Christians, so no priests or Bishops to worry about, and fleeing Jewish men were able to find mates among them.

When analyzing the past it's a very big mistake to impose on people in that past the lifestyles and attitudes of people today, especially Americans who no longer place any value on ethnicity and preserving that ethnicity. You have to look at people as they were.

A very good friend of mine is 100% descended from Germans who moved to the area of the former Yugoslavia early in the Middle Ages. For hundreds and hundreds of years these Catholic Germans lived surrounded by Orthodox Slavic speakers, but never admixed. They spoke German at home, went to German schools, and German Catholic churches, read German language newspapers, and married other Germans. Yet you believe large numbers of people crossed the line, risking their lives, to admix with Jews once the walls came down? It worked the other way round too. Good grief, the family of a friend of mine who married a gentile sat shiva for him. He was DEAD to them; literally.

 

[Salento]

The new modern Apulian samples are all from Grecìa-Salentina, ... their general Y Haplogroup:

PuG20 R1b1a2a1a2a1b3~2
PuG74 R1b1a2a1a2a1b3~2
PuG46 R1a1a1
PuG33 E1b1b
PuG66 J1
PuG12 J2a1b1
PuG17 J2a1i
PuG28 J2a1i
PuG37 J2a1i
PuG58 J2b2

Thank you, everyone

… more modern Apulians Y Haplogroups, … GS could stands for Grecìa-Salentina, but I’m not sure, … I finally found a y T … lol

… from the Raveane_Aneli_Montinaro data:

GS32_Apulia - J2a
GS34_Apulia - G2a3b1a1a
GS47_Apulia - E1b1b1b2a1a
ALP379_Apulia - I2a1
cera1_Apulia - G2a3b1a1a
cera2_Apulia - J2a1h2a1
cera8_Apulia - I1
cera9_Apulia - J2a1h2a1
Pu2_Apulia - J1
Pu3_Apulia - R1b1a2a1a2c1i~2
Pu7_Apulia - R1b1
Pu8_Apulia - T1a
Pu45_Apulia - I1

 

[Pax Augusta]

only the new Italian samples

New Italian and Greek samples

 

[Francesco]

Dodecad K12b

This two circled samples are from the Himera population, right?

 

[Salento]

Lazaridis actually made a comment about the new HO samples, they are indeed genotyped, and called, "Human Origins Array"

https://twitter.com/iosif_lazaridis/status/1577068049848410112?cxt=HHwWgICpnaTC7-IrAAAA

The new modern samples HO .snp file is the same .snp file as the ReichLab v50.0 1240K+HO and the latest V52.2 1240K+HO, and they are often used for calculations and PCAs on scientific papers.

If the …HO data output is good enough for the Scientist, it should be good enough for us too, I think

 

[kingdavid]

Thank you, everyone

… more modern Apulians Y Haplogroups, … GS could stands for Grecìa-Salentina, but I’m not sure, … I finally found a y T … lol

… from the Raveane_Aneli_Montinaro data:

GS32_Apulia - J2a
GS34_Apulia - G2a3b1a1a
GS47_Apulia - E1b1b1b2a1a
ALP379_Apulia - I2a1
cera1_Apulia - G2a3b1a1a
cera2_Apulia - J2a1h2a1
cera8_Apulia - I1
cera9_Apulia - J2a1h2a1
Pu2_Apulia - J1
Pu3_Apulia - R1b1a2a1a2c1i~2
Pu7_Apulia - R1b1
Pu8_Apulia - T1a
Pu45_Apulia - I1

Nice salento
Can you check also the greek samples
Mainland, and islanders ?

 

[Pax Augusta]

This two circled samples are from the Himera population, right?

They belong to the set labelled as Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med, two out of five.

 

[Angela]

They belong to the set labelled as Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med, two out of five.

Could you provide the sample numbers, please?