Genetic study Cosmopolitanism in the depths of Barbaricum evidenced by archaeogenomic data from the Late Iron Age Goth community of the Masłomęcz group

[Tautalus]

Abstract
Background
High mobility and extensive trade and military interactions are well recognized throughout the Late Iron Age Europe. The extremely rich archaeological record for the Masłomęcz group – a Goth-associated assemblage flourishing between 2nd and 4th century CE in what is now eastern Poland – has long been providing evidence for their wide cross-cultural contacts. However, the extent to which these were ephemeral or involved long-term immigration and interbreeding, remained unresolved.
Results
Here, by obtaining archaeogenomic data from 37 burials and reanalysing published data, we provide evidence that, while the Masłomęcz group was built mostly on Scandinavian-derived ancestry it extensively assimilated individuals from diverse directions and distances, including the Baltics, the Balkans and even further into the Mediterranean, creating a highly genetically heterogenous population. Additionally, we shed more light on the burial customs of this community by finding no close kin relations within multiperson burials.
Conclusions
Our findings provide evidence for long-range mobility far outside the borders of the Roman Empire. The Masłomęcz group was a highly open community embracing external contacts and immigration, perhaps contradicting popular presumptions about the so-called barbarians.

Cosmopolitanism in the depths of Barbaricum evidenced by archaeogenomic data from the Late Iron Age Goth community of the Masłomęcz group - Genome Biology

Background High mobility and extensive trade and military interactions are well recognized throughout the Late Iron Age Europe. The extremely rich archaeological record for the Masłomęcz group – a Goth-associated assemblage flourishing between 2nd and 4th century CE in what is now eastern Poland...

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Y chromosome haplogroup determination for the studied individuals.

Individual	Haplogroup	Haplogroup alt nomenclature	Macrohaplogroup	Terminal SNP detrmined
PL070	I1-CTS11603	I1a1b1b	I1	CTS11603	I1->DF29->Y2592->Z2336->Z2337->S6346->L22->FGC41265->FT50004->CTS11603
PL076	I1-S9318	I1a1b1g3	I1	S9318	I1->DF29->Y2592->Z2337->S6346->L22->FGC41265->Y3603->S9318
PL065	I1-Y46812	I1a2a1a1d2b	I1	Y46812	I1->DF29->Z58->Z59->CTS8647->Z61->Z60->CTS7362->FGC8666->L1248->S11132->Y46812
PL082	I1-Z2041	I1a2a2	I1	Z0241	I1->DF29->Z58->Z59->Z2041
PL086	I1-Y6634	I1a3a1a1a	I1	Y6634	I1->DF29->Z63->BY151->FGC81364->S2078->S2077->Y2245->L1237->Y6634
PL049	I1-Y6634	I1a3a1a1a1	I1	Y6634	I1->DF29->Z63->BY151->FGC81364->S2078->S2077->Y2245->L1237->Y6634
PL056	I1-BY3386	I1a3a1a1a2	I1	BY3386	I1->DF29->Z63->BY151->FGC81364->S2078->S2077->Y2245->L1237->Y6634->FGC9549->BY3386
PL059	I1-Y3968	I1a3a1a2	I1	Y3968	I1->DF29->Z63->BY151->FGC81364->S2078->S2077->Y2245->Y3968
PL062	I1-Y3979	I1a3a1a2a1	I1	Y3979	I1->DF29->Z63->BY151->FGC81364->S2078->S2077->Y2245->Y3968->Y3979
PL071	I1-Y7626	I1a3a1a2a1b1	I1	Y7626	I1->DF29->Z63->BY151->FGC81364->S2078->S2077->Y2245->Y3968->Y3979->Y6228->Y6229->Y7626
PL075	I1-Y7626	I1a3a1a2a1b1	I1	Y7626	I1->DF29->Z63->BY151->FGC81364->S2078->S2077->Y2245->Y3968->Y3979->Y6228->Y6229->Y7626
PL048	I1-L1242	I1a3a1a2b	I1	L1242	I1->DF29->Z63->BY151->FGC81364->S2078->S2077->Y2245->Y3968->L1242
PL085	J2b-Z38241	J2b2a1a1b1b	J2b	Z38241	J2->M102->Z1825->L283->Z622->Z600->Z2509->Z585->Z615->Z597->Z2507->Y15058->Z38240->Z38241
PL046	R1a-YP6213	R1a1a1b1a2	R1a	YP6213	R1a->M459->M735->M198->M417->Z645->Z283->Z282->Z280->YP6213
PL052	R1a-YP4258	R1a1a1b1a2b	R1a	YP4258	R1a->M459->M735->M198->M417->Z645->Z283->Z282->Z280->CTS1211->FT920022->YP1034->YP4258
PL066	R1a-YP340	R1a1a1b1a2b3	R1a	YP340	R1a->M459->M735->M198->M417->Z645->Z283->Z282->Z280->CTS1211->YP343->YP340
PL067	R1a-Z284	R1a1a1b1a3	R1a	Z284	R1a->M459->M735->M198->M417->Z645->Z283->Z282->Y2395->Z289->Z284

 

[Maciamo]

Wow, quite remarkable! I have long wanted to see some Gothic Y-DNA before they moved into the Roman Empire. I knew that they had blended with the (proto-)Slavic population of Poland and Ukraine, as is confirmed here by the presence of haplogroup R1a-Z280 (3 out of 4 R1a samples). I suspected that the Goths had a higher percentage of I1 than Germanic tribes from Germany, but here it is exclusively I1 among the Germanic haplogroups. No R1b, no Germanic R1a-L664, only one Scandinavian R1a-Z284, and no I2a2a. That is quite unique among Germanic tribes. Of course, it could be due to the small sampling size, but I would still expect an overwhelming amount of haplogroup I1 based on these results.

 

[Pax Augusta]

Wow, quite remarkable! I have long wanted to see some Gothic Y-DNA before they moved into the Roman Empire. I knew that they had blended with the (proto-)Slavic population of Poland and Ukraine, as is confirmed here by the presence of haplogroup R1a-Z280 (3 out of 4 R1a samples). I suspected that the Goths had a higher percentage of I1 than Germanic tribes from Germany, but here it is exclusively I1 among the Germanic haplogroups. No R1b, no Germanic R1a-L664, only one Scandinavian R1a-Z284, and no I2a2a. That is quite unique among Germanic tribes. Of course, it could be due to the small sampling size, but I would still expect an overwhelming amount of haplogroup I1 based on these results.

Indeed, Maciamo. Overwhelmingly I1 (71%), with a significant minority of R1a (24%) and one J2b sample that appears to fall under J2b-L283 (6%). J2b-L283 is like "parsley", found pretty much everywhere, just in small amounts.