Ancestry

[Lobão]

Recently, I took a DNA test through a little-known institution.
My main goal was to obtain my raw DNA data so that I could explore it using different calculators, measure my genetic distances to ancient populations, and so on.
One of my objectives was also to verify whether what I had discovered through my genealogical research was consistent with my genetic ancestry results.
With that in mind, I decided to obtain an “advanced genetic report” through Explore Your DNA, which also provided me with my G25 coordinates.
I carried out several experiments that I can share here, and I would like to hear your opinions on them.
For some context, I am from north-western Portugal (Minho), as is my entire family going back at least to the 16th century.
My haplogroups are:

Y-DNA: R1b-M269
mtDNA: K1a

(Unfortunately, I do not know the subclades.)
I will now describe some of my results using G25 and Vahaduo:

Target: Minho_scaled Distance: 2.4177% / 0.02417682
51.8	Iberia_Castile_and_Leon_Bell_Beaker_(n=2)
25.0	Greece_EBA_Early_Helladic_Nea_Styra_(Anatolian_BA_Profile)_(n=3)
18.4	Czechia_Corded_Ware_Early_(n=16)
4.8	Morocco_UP_Iberomaurusian_Taforalt_(n=6)

Target: Minho_scaled Distance: 2.2758% / 0.02275809
54.0	Early_European_Farmer
31.0	Steppe_Pastoralist
10.0	Western_Hunter-Gatherer
5.0	Iberomaurusian

Distance to modern populations (Mariopoulos calculator):

Distance to:	Minho_scaled
Portuguese_Azores_(n=32)
Portuguese_(n=53)
Spanish_Extremadura_(Extremaduran)_(n=6)
Spanish_Castile_and_Leon_(Castilian)_(n=7)
Spanish_Murcia_(Murcian)_(n=8)
Spanish_Andalusia_(Andalusian)_(n=31)
Spanish_Castile_and_Leon_Leon_(Castilian)_(n=4)
Spanish_Galicia_(Galician)_(n=19)
Spanish_Valencia_Alicante_(Valencian)_(n=8)
Spanish_Castilla-La_Mancha_(Castilian)_(n=7)
Spanish_Baleares_Ibiza_(Catalan)_(n=13)
Spanish_Asturias_(Asturian)_(n=2)
Cuban_Blanco_(n=10)
Spanish_Baleares_(Catalan)_(n=5)
Spanish_Madrid_(Castilian)_(n=2)
Spanish_Canarias_Tenerife_(Canarian)_o_(n=3)
Spanish_Baleares_Menorca_(Catalan)_(n=3)
Spanish_Baleares_Mallorca_(Catalan)_(n=9)
Spanish_Canarias_La_Palma_(Canarian)_(n=32)
Spanish_Canarias_Tenerife_(Canarian)_(n=61)
Spanish_Valencia_(Valencian)_(n=13)
Spanish_Canarias_La_Palma_(Canarian)_o_(n=3)
Spanish_Cantabria_(Cantabrian)_(n=14)
Spanish_Catalonia_(Catalan)_(n=4)
Spanish_Catalonia_Peri-Barcelona_(Catalan)_(n=10)

[td]0.01008062[/td] [td]0.01141132[/td] [td]0.01283212[/td] [td]0.01395249[/td] [td]0.01458702[/td] [td]0.01510610[/td] [td]0.01533149[/td] [td]0.01540921[/td] [td]0.01831190[/td] [td]0.01889681[/td] [td]0.01980920[/td] [td]0.02099275[/td] [td]0.02200631[/td] [td]0.02205525[/td] [td]0.02207437[/td] [td]0.02220299[/td] [td]0.02244499[/td] [td]0.02256225[/td] [td]0.02355266[/td] [td]0.02380167[/td] [td]0.02389800[/td] [td]0.02394925[/td] [td]0.02405366[/td] [td]0.02443373[/td] [td]0.02558401[/td]

Distance to ancient populations (Mariopoulos calculator):

Distance to:	Minho_scaled
Belgium_Late_Medieval-Early_Modern_St._Rombout's_(Iberian_Profile)_(n=4)
Iberia_Portugal_Late_Antiquity-Early_Medieval_Miroico_(n=4)
Iberia_Castile_and_Leon_Early_Medieval_(Ibero-Romance_Profile)_(n=4)
Iberia_Catalonia_High_Medieval_(n=3)
Iberia_Castile_and_Leon_Early-High_Medieval_(Ibero-Romance_Profile)_(n=9)
Mexico_Early_Modern_Campeche_(Iberian_Profile)_(n=1)
Italy_Piedmont_Early_Medieval_Lombard_Period_Collegno_(West_Med_Profile)_(n=12)
Iberia_Valencia_High_Medieval_(n=2)
Iberia_Catalonia_Early_Medieval_(n=4)
Iberia_Catalonia_Roman_Empire_Empuries_(West_Med_Profile)_(low_res)_(n=1)
Germany_Late_Antiquity-Early_Medieval_Alt-Inden_(West_Med_Profile)_(n=1)
Italy_Lazio_Late_Antiquity_Rome_(West_Med_Profile)_(n=3)
Croatia_EIA-LIA_Sveti_Kriz_Brdovecki_(n=3)
Belgium_Early_Modern_St._Rombout's_(Iberian_Profile)_(n=1)
France_Early_Modern_Lariey-Puy-Saint-Pierre_(West_Med_Profile)_(n=1)
Italy_Alto_Adige_Late_Antiquity-Early_Medieval_Burgusio_(n=18)
Croatia_Early_Medieval_Brekinjova_Kosa_(West_Med_Profile)_(n=1)
Tanzania_Zanzibar_800CE_(Iberian_Profile)_(intrusive_burial)_(n=1)
Italy_Marche_IA_Picene_Novilara_(n=28)
Hungary_Early-High_Medieval_Conqueror-Early_Arpadian_Period_(West_Med_Profile)_(n=2)
Italy_Tuscany_IA_Etruscan_Monteriggioni_(n=2)
Italy_Piedmont_Early_Medieval_Ostrogoth-Merovingian_Bardonecchia_(West_Med/North_Adriatic_Profile)_(n=8)
Italy_Veneto_IA-Roman_Republic_Cisalpine_Gaul_(Cenomani)_Verona_(West_Med_Profile)_(n=10)
Slovenia_EIA_Hallstatt_(n=16)
Croatia_Early_Medieval_Sipar_(Paleo-Balkan_Profile)_(n=2)

[td]0.01657256[/td] [td]0.01955807[/td] [td]0.02295457[/td] [td]0.02345576[/td] [td]0.02463416[/td] [td]0.02721133[/td] [td]0.02987815[/td] [td]0.03024052[/td] [td]0.03051481[/td] [td]0.03097237[/td] [td]0.03145163[/td] [td]0.03153860[/td] [td]0.03168384[/td] [td]0.03177073[/td] [td]0.03186544[/td] [td]0.03190880[/td] [td]0.03220471[/td] [td]0.03246342[/td] [td]0.03250404[/td] [td]0.03356245[/td] [td]0.03414645[/td] [td]0.03432894[/td] [td]0.03433704[/td] [td]0.03442425[/td] [td]0.03487151[/td]

That’s it for the introduction.
I was expecting a more typically “Atlantic” result due to my region’s history, but it seems that I am quite average, perhaps even slightly more “Mediterranean” than the average Portuguese. Overall, the results appear to be fairly typical.

 

[—BoNe—]

DF27 is possibly the largest P312 subclade among all P312s, with a TMRCA around 2700 BC.

It splits into two main branches: Z195, which is more prevalent in the Mediterranean (Iberians), and ZZ12, which is more prevalent in the Atlantic region.

Around 50% of the Portuguese population carry DF27 (40% ZZ12 – 10% Z195*), so even if your subclade isn’t ZZ12, it will likely be the one that appears most often in your family tree. This is the case for me, being from Extremadura, even though I am L151*.

In broad terms, this means that roughly 60–80% of your autosomes have been Atlantic for at least 4600 years.

The oldest documented individual with the ZZ12 mutation is EHU002 from Burgos, radiocarbon dated to 2600–2450 BC.

In 2018, he was classified as a recent arrival from the steppe, but in reality, he had 25% EEF ancestry (what appears to you as Hellenic Greek), which poorly calibrated calculators misassigned as EHG-Steppe.

The connection with the Czech Corded Ware culture may come from:

1. The expansion of the Hispanic Bell Beaker culture between 2800–2500 BC into Central Europe.
2. The Suebi period.

Strontium analysis of EHU002 indicated he came from further west in the Iberian Peninsula, confirming that DF27* was already here before 2700–2600 BC. It did not arrive from Central Europe or the steppes; ZZ12* spread from south to north.

ZZ12* originates in Western Iberia. We have the highest number of basal branches worldwide, over 40 according to ADNTRO researchers, dating to 2700–2550 BC. In comparison, DNA companies like FTDNA in the U.S. have only recorded 30 (a sampling bias). ZZ12* expanded across Europe in multiple waves during the Bell Beaker period.

Today, it may have over 70 million male descendants worldwide due to the founder effect in Hispanic America. In Brazil alone, it may account for 15–20 million descendants.

The reason your results may not show a stronger “Atlantic” signal is due to the samples used for triangulation. The western Iberian Peninsula is very poorly sampled, both in modern populations (we are few) and in ancient samples (few people and little interest in DNA).

Over 60 Chalcolithic–Bronze Bell Beaker sites remain unexamined.

The most Atlantic clades of the past 5000 years are P312>DF27>ZZ12 and P312>Z290>L21.

High peaks of Z290* have also been detected in Portugal.

 

[Lobão]

DF27 is possibly the largest P312 subclade among all P312s, with a TMRCA around 2700 BC.

It splits into two main branches: Z195, which is more prevalent in the Mediterranean (Iberians), and ZZ12, which is more prevalent in the Atlantic region.

Around 50% of the Portuguese population carry DF27 (40% ZZ12 – 10% Z195*), so even if your subclade isn’t ZZ12, it will likely be the one that appears most often in your family tree. This is the case for me, being from Extremadura, even though I am L151*.

In broad terms, this means that roughly 60–80% of your autosomes have been Atlantic for at least 4600 years.

The oldest documented individual with the ZZ12 mutation is EHU002 from Burgos, radiocarbon dated to 2600–2450 BC.

In 2018, he was classified as a recent arrival from the steppe, but in reality, he had 25% EEF ancestry (what appears to you as Hellenic Greek), which poorly calibrated calculators misassigned as EHG-Steppe.

The connection with the Czech Corded Ware culture may come from:

1. The expansion of the Hispanic Bell Beaker culture between 2800–2500 BC into Central Europe.
2. The Suebi period.

Strontium analysis of EHU002 indicated he came from further west in the Iberian Peninsula, confirming that DF27* was already here before 2700–2600 BC. It did not arrive from Central Europe or the steppes; ZZ12* spread from south to north.

ZZ12* originates in Western Iberia. We have the highest number of basal branches worldwide, over 40 according to ADNTRO researchers, dating to 2700–2550 BC. In comparison, DNA companies like FTDNA in the U.S. have only recorded 30 (a sampling bias). ZZ12* expanded across Europe in multiple waves during the Bell Beaker period.

Today, it may have over 70 million male descendants worldwide due to the founder effect in Hispanic America. In Brazil alone, it may account for 15–20 million descendants.

The reason your results may not show a stronger “Atlantic” signal is due to the samples used for triangulation. The western Iberian Peninsula is very poorly sampled, both in modern populations (we are few) and in ancient samples (few people and little interest in DNA).

Over 60 Chalcolithic–Bronze Bell Beaker sites remain unexamined.

The most Atlantic clades of the past 5000 years are P312>DF27>ZZ12 and P312>Z290>L21.

High peaks of Z290* have also been detected in Portugal.

I don’t know the subclades of my haplogroups, unfortunately, but my Y-DNA points to the DF27 variant.

The fact that you’re from Extremadura is cool, because in all my comparisons with modern populations, Extremadura always appears as the closest population to me after the Portuguese. It even appears before Galicia, which was wild to me, since my whole family has lived in the Minho (northwestern Portugal) region for generations. Extremadura, Castilla y León, and Andalusia are the closest populations to me (after the Portuguese).

In that sense, I assume I’m more Western Iberian rather than Northwestern Iberian (where I’m actually from)?

Does that mean I descend from the Vettones and not the Galicians?

It’s really confusing.

 

[—BoNe—]

I don’t know the subclades of my haplogroups, unfortunately, but my Y-DNA points to the DF27 variant.

The fact that you’re from Extremadura is cool, because in all my comparisons with modern populations, Extremadura always appears as the closest population to me after the Portuguese. It even appears before Galicia, which was wild to me, since my whole family has lived in the Minho (northwestern Portugal) region for generations. Extremadura, Castilla y León, and Andalusia are the closest populations to me (after the Portuguese).

In that sense, I assume I’m more Western Iberian rather than Northwestern Iberian (where I’m actually from)?

Does that mean I descend from the Vettones and not the Galicians?

It’s really confusing.

It’s curious that you have more matches with people from Extremadura and León than with Galicians, even being so close to them, but anything is possible. Deep down, all populations with high rates of DF27 clades are very mixed. 4,700 uninterrupted years allow for many internal migrations. We don’t have detailed enough data to know the regional differences, but our western area is dominated by ZZ12.

The most likely ethnogenetic focus for all Lusitanians is the Tagus estuary, where the Bell Beaker culture began around 2900 BC, 400 years before it did in Central Europe.
In Central Europe, Bell Beaker vessels are hard to find and are usually of low quality, as if whoever made them was drunk or had abandoned the potter’s wheel. In Lisbon, you kick a stone and 200 show up, some with gold diadems.

We have some studies from several years ago on the autosomal mix in Spain, which didn’t include the Portuguese, but you are necessarily very similar to the Galician, Leonese, Extremaduran, and Andalusian regions.

These differentiations coincide almost perfectly with the rates of DF27>Z195 and DF27>ZZ12.

It’s difficult to know which of the two “siblings” is really older, Z195 or ZZ12, but the latter had an explosion of descendants much earlier than Z195.