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Really quite incredible.

I fully agree. The degree of corruption in the late republic cannot be understated. The senatorial class had been pushing the broader Italian farmer population into poverty through the latifundiae system which had supplemented middle class farming labor with slaves. We can debate the ethnic...

During Caesar's era horse mounted Roman archers whose role was copied from the Parthians were being developed and trained. They were termed the Sagitarii and were used with great success just 50 years after Gaius Julius Caesar's death in Germanicus' conquest of the Cherusci + allied Germanics...

Interesting take, but do we have evidence to support the idea that northern Greek coastal settlements will be closer to the Crete/dodecanese genetic structure? I'm not saying you're necessarily wrong, but this is simply new information to me.

And what specific Anatolian and Mycenaean samples are being used to quantify that 40-45% statement?

No, they likely had very little Mycenaean blood. It's hard to quantify it as it depends entirely on where said immigrants came from in Anatolia (it was a cline just like any other major deomgraphic hub), but if we use Isparta as an example, it's likely less than 15% Mycenaean influence...

A few thoughts: The north macedonia samples are from paeonia, not historic Greek Macedonia. Paeonians are likely good analogues for what actual Macedonians and other closely related northern Greeks resembled autosomally, however, so I think this assumptive label is reasonable. I also think...

This seems to line up with what Skourtanioti et al. reported; Anatolian dominant influence in the islands and Balkan influence in the mainland during the Bronze age; the Mycenaean population was being pulled both ways. It would appear that as time went on the Anatolian influence increased and...

Thanks for this PCA. The Tenea late Hellenistic clustering with central Italians is of particular interest. This individual may ultimately be from somewhere more northerly in Greece.

Interesting to see that just East Thrace alone has a higher population than the entire nation of Greece.

Yes and this is just another part of the background nuance that most people lack. There was not a hard ethnic separation between mainland Greeks and Western Anatolians by the Greek Dark ages. They were understood to be the same ethnic group even if we now know their genes were not totally...

Those who have been paying attention to the data will already know this. Anatolia clearly had a massive population with a high fertility rate from the Neolithic through at least the Iron age. Its only major admixture event prior to the Turks was with the Caucasus during the transition from...

Yes, and Marseille is part of South-Eastern France. Also, genetic distance to modern Tuscans is being used as simply an arbitrary reference population chosen to represent central Italians - not some sort of documentation of direct contribution or admixture from Tuscany (which I think is...

It is well known that Marseille was founded as the ancient Greek colony of Massalia which is why I mention both. It's probably impossible to quantify how much contribution from each at this stage.

Yes, good catch on my mistake. The 1768 (not 1786) treaty of Versailles is what I was referring to.

As with all things, the less knowledgable will place their focus on binary results, attempting to oversimplify history into a predetermined framework which it does not match. The reality of the ethnological history of Italy is functionally no different than the history any other major european...

You already know this but I've been long advocating that the vast majority of the genome of southern Italy to be a result of Magna Graecian input with perhaps some further augmentation from later Imperial era Greek sources from both Anatolia, Peloponnesian Greece and their adjacent islands. I...

I think in Southern France the overlap we are seeing are the clear results of colonization from Greek and Italian populations in the ancient and modern era. Cities like Nice (previously Nizza) used to be vastly majority ethnically Italian cities until even very recently. This phenomenon is...

Do you have any thoughts as to why the Northern Latium sample has such a strong EEF pull relative to the rest of Central Italy? Perhaps someone with recent Sardinian ancestry?

It's rather difficult to believe N. Italians, Spanish and Bulgarians being closer related to Norwegian Vikings than Finnish.