Genetic study The Genetic History of the South Caucasus from the Bronze to the Early Middle Ages: 5000 years of genetic continuity despite high mobility

Tautalus · Jun 13, 2024

Abstract

Archaeological and archaeogenetic studies have highlighted the pivotal role of the Caucasus region throughout prehistory, serving as a central hub for cultural, technological, and linguistic innovations. However, despite its dynamic history, the critical area between the Greater and Lesser Caucasus mountain ranges, mainly corresponding to modern-day Georgia, has received limited attention. Here, we generated an ancient DNA time transect consisting of 219 individuals with genome-wide data from 47 sites in this region, supplemented by 97 new radiocarbon dates. Spanning from the Early Bronze Age 5000 years ago to the so-called "Migration Period" that followed the fall of the Western Roman Empire, we document a largely persisting local gene pool that continuously assimilated migrants from Anatolia/Levant and the populations of the adjacent Eurasian steppe. More specifically, we observe these admixture events as early as the Middle Bronze Age. Starting with Late Antiquity (late first century AD), we also detect an increasing number of individuals with more southern ancestry, more frequently associated with urban centers - landmarks of the early Christianization in eastern Georgia. Finally, in the Early Medieval Period starting 400 AD, we observe genetic outlier individuals with ancestry from the Central Eurasian steppe, with artificial cranial deformations (ACD) in several cases. At the same time, we reveal that many individuals with ACD descended from native South Caucasus groups, indicating that the local population likely adopted this cultural practice.

The Genetic History of the South Caucasus from the Bronze to the Early Middle Ages: 5000 years of genetic continuity despite high mobility

Archaeological and archaeogenetic studies have highlighted the pivotal role of the Caucasus region throughout prehistory, serving as a central hub for cultural, technological, and linguistic innovations. However, despite its dynamic history, the critical area between the Greater and Lesser...

www.biorxiv.org

Tautalus · Jun 13, 2024

Comparison of Y-chromosome and mtDNA haplogroup distribution in early periods (Early Bronze Age to Iron Age II) and late periods (Early Antique to Early Middle Ages) of the time transect.

Haplogroups Detail

ID	Genetic_Sex	Archaeological/Historical Period	Y_Haplogroup	MT_Haplogroup
TSV006	XXY	Late Bronze Age	unable to call	K1a12a
MUK001	M	Early Middle Ages	can't call	I
I1317	M	Early Middle Ages	E1b1b1a1a1(xE1b1b1a1a1b)	H15b
SMT017	M	Early Middle Ages	E1b1b1a1b1a14~	J1b1b1
I1318	M	Early Middle Ages	E1b1b1b2(xE1b1b1b2b)	J1b
I1320	M	Early Middle Ages	E1b1b1b2(xE1b1b1b2b)	T2a
I1323	M	Early Middle Ages	E1b1b1b2(xE1b1b1b2b)	U3a
DZN014	M	Late Antique	G1a2	H
DZN006	M	Early Middle Ages	G1a2	H2
DZN001	M	Late Antique	G1a2	T2h
DZN008	M	Early Middle Ages	G1a2a1a~	H13a1a2b
SMT007	M	Early Middle Ages	G2
NAT001	M	Hellenistic	G2a1a	H2a3
NBG005	M	Iron Age II	G2a1a1a	I1b
VRS008	M	Early Antique	G2a1a1a	K1a+150
TSV008	M	Late Bronze Age	G2a1a1a	T1a1+@152
TCH008	M	Late Antique	G2a1a1a	U3a
VRS003	M	Early Antique	G2a1a1a1a	R1a1
AGV001	M	Late Antique	G2a1a1a1a1a1a1a [FGC750]	H13c2
IGT003	M	Early Antique	G2a1a1a1a1a1a1a1a2a	U3c
KHT001	M	Early Middle Ages	G2a1a1a3	R1a
KLD013	M	Late Antique	G2a2a1a	X2f1
RTV001	M	Late Antique-Early Middle Ages	G2a2b	D4e1
DZN005	M	Late Antique	G2a2b1a1a2~	T2g1a
KIM002	M	Late Antique	G2a2b1a1b1a	N1a2
ATK001	M	Middle Bronze Age	G2a2b2a	H13a2b2
ATK005	M	Middle Bronze Age	G2a2b2a	T2a3
ATK006	M	Middle Bronze Age	G2a2b2a	U2d
ATK004	M	Middle Bronze Age	G2a2b2a1a1a1b	U2d
ATK003	M	Middle Bronze Age	G2a2b2a1a1a1b2	T2h
KHT002	M	Early Middle Ages	G2a2b2a1a1a1b2a~	HV1a1
KHT003	M	Early Middle Ages	G2a2b2a1a1a1b2a~	N1b1a3
BBD001	M	High Middle Ages	H2a1~	U1a1a1
TSV002	M	Late Bronze Age	I2a2	H2b
AHI001	M	Early Iron Age	I2a2b	J1b3b
SKH002	M	Early Antique	I2a2b	K1a
TSV005	M	Late Bronze Age	I2a2b	K1a17
TSV001	M	Late Bronze Age	I2a2b	T2
NDZ003	M	Late Antique-Early Middle Ages	I2a2b	T2+16189
TSV015	M	Late Bronze Age	I2a2b	U3b
KMR021	M	Early Antique	I2a2b
KMR015	M	Early Antique	I2a2b~	H2a1e
TSG002	M	Middle Bronze Age	I2a2b~	U2e1b
KTR001	M	Early Iron Age	I2a2b~	U5a1b1
TRL005	M	Late Bronze Age	I2a2b~	U5b2a1a+16311
TSV009	M	Late Bronze Age	I2a2b~	U8b1a1
TSG001	M	Middle Bronze Age	I2a2b~	W3a1
KMR014	M	Early Antique	I2a2b~	W5a
SAP011	M	Late Bronze Age	I2a2b1	H15b
TRL002	M	Late Bronze Age	I2a2b1	U3b
NDZ002	M	Early Middle Ages	I2a2b1	W1+119
I1325	M	Early Middle Ages	J1	U2e1a1
KLD006	M	Late Antique	J1a2a1a2d2b~	R1a
TRB006	M	Early Bronze Age	J1a2b~	H13a1a1
KIM003	M	Late Antique	J1a2b~	T2
NSK007	M	Hellenistic	J1a2b~	U1b2
TRB011	M	Early Bronze Age	J1a2b~	W3b
KLD008	M	Late Antique	J1a2b1b~	H14a
TRB010	M	Early Bronze Age	J1a2b1b2~	H13a1a2
AVR002	M	Middle Bronze Age	J1a2b1b2~	U4b3
KIM001	M	Late Antique	J1a2b1b2c1~	I1c1a
KMR013	M	Early Antique	J2a	H+152
AGV002	M	Late Antique	J2a	H13a1a2
VRS005	M	Early Antique	J2a	U3b
FQR006	M	Early Middle Ages	J2a1	H14a
TSV007	M	Late Bronze Age	J2a1	K1b1
BZT001	M	Early Iron Age	J2a1a	T1a5
OTA002	M	Middle Bronze Age	J2a1a	H2a2a1
NAT002	M	Hellenistic	J2a1a1a2	T2d1b2
SVL006	M	Early Middle Ages	J2a1a1a2	U3b1
VRS006	M	Early Antique	J2a1a1a2	W6b
I0119	M	Late Antique-Early Middle Ages	J2a1a1a2(xJ2a1a1a2b)	HV
I1331	M	Late Antique	J2a1a1a2(xJ2a1a1a2b)	T2g
KHT006	M	Early Middle Ages	J2a1a1a2a	T2l
ERK001	M	Hellenistic	J2a1a1a2b1b	U1a1a1
VRS004	M	Early Antique	J2a1a1a2b2	H13a1d
IAF001	M	Early Middle Ages	J2a1a1a2b2	H27+16093
NDZ009	M	Late Antique-Early Middle Ages	J2a1a1a2b2	W1+119
BZT002	M	Early Iron Age	J2a1a1a2b2a	H
KMR026	M	Early Antique	J2a1a1a2b2a	I1c1a
NDZ006	M	Late Antique-Early Middle Ages	J2a1a1a2b2a	W6c1
I1332	M	Late Antique-Early Middle Ages	J2a1a1a2b2a(xJ2a1a1a2b2a1)	HV1a'b'c
SVL007	M	Early Middle Ages	J2a1a1a2b2a1a1a3b2~	W
SMT003	M	Late Antique-Early Middle Ages	J2a1a1a2b2a3b1 (Z7675)	K1a12a
FQR002	M	Early Middle Ages	J2a1a1a2b2a3b1b3 [Y3619]	U7
TSV018-I1326	M	Early Middele Ages	J2a1a1b3	U3a2a
MGV001	M	Late Antique	n/a	H
TSH004	M	High Middle Ages	n/a	H14a
SMT014	M	Hellenistic	n/a	R1a1
TSV019	M	Late Antique-Early Middle Ages	n/a	T2b
KMR011	M	Early Antique	n/a	U4a1e
KLD010	M	Late Antique	Q2a1a	N1b1a
KLD007	M	Late Antique	Q2a1a2	U1a1c1
SVL015	M	Late Antique-Early Middle Ages	R1a1a~	H
SMT004	M	Late Antique	R1a1a1	W6c
MKV001	M	Early Middle Ages	R1a1a1b~	X2
SMT025	M	Early Middle Ages	R1a1a1b1a2b3a3a1a~	H5
KLD012	M	Late Antique	R1a1a1b2~	W
KMR027	M	Early Antique	R1a1a1b2a2~	HV1a1
KLD011	M	Late Antique	R1a1a1b2a2a1	X2i
DZN002	M	Late Antique	R1a1a1b2a2a1d7~	U3b3
NSK004	M	Hellenistic	R1b1a1b	H+152
AVR001	M	Middle Bronze Age	R1b1a1b	H2
DDN005	M	Late Bronze Age	R1b1a1b	H29
SAP004	M	Late Bronze Age	R1b1a1b	H87
NRK001-TSV003	M	Late Bronze Age_unresolved_origin	R1b1a1b	R1a1b
SMT019	M	Early Middle Ages	R1b1a1b	T2a1b
DDN002	M	Late Bronze-Early Iron Age	R1b1a1b	U3b
KHS001	M	Late Antique	R1b1a1b1b [Z2105]	H13a1a2
TCH004	M	Late Antique	R1b1a1b1b[M12149]	H28
IAF004	M	Early Middle Ages	R1b1a1b1b1[L584]	H
DDN006	M	Late Bronze-Early Iron Age	R1b1a1b1b1[l584]	I5c
KMR005	M	Early Antique	R1b1a1b1b1[L584]	R1a1b
TSV014	M	Late Bronze Age	R1b1a1b1b1[L584]	U1a
DZN011	M	Early Middle Ages	R1b1a1b1b3a1a1[CTS9219]	X2d
SMT018	M	Early Middle Ages	R2a2b1	H20a2
KMR004	M	Hellenistic	T1a1a	H41a
MRA001	M	Late Bronze Age	T1a1a	T2h
I1321	M	Late Antique	T1a1a	T2i1
KMR003	M	Early Antique	T1a1a1b2a2 [Y3781]	J2a2a1+16311
SMT024	M	Early Middle Ages	T1a1a1b2b	T2a3
SMT023	M	Early Middle Ages	T1a1a1b2b1a	U2e1a1
DDN001	M	Late Bronze-Early Iron Age		H5a
geo015_tv	M	Early Bronze Age		K1a
gur017_tv	M	Late Bronze Age		N1a1a1a
I1316	F	Early Middle Ages	..	H
I1322	F	Late Antique-Early Middle Ages	..	HV6
I1328	F	Late Antique	..	K1a4f
I1319	F	Early Middle Ages	..	n/a (<2x)
I1329	F	Early Middle Ages	..	R1a1
MGV005	F	Late Antique	n/a	H2a2a1
GKL002	F	Hellenistic	n/a	R1a
SGV001	F	Middle Bronze Age	n/a	W
KLD015	F	Late Antique	N/A	W
SMT021	F	Early Middle Ages		A1a
SMT013	F	Late Antique		D4e1a2
KIM004	F	Late Antique		H
KMR001-NOK002	F	Iron Age II		H+152
SMT005	F	Early Antique		H+152
SMT009	F	Late Antique		H+152
SMT010-SMT011	F	Late Antique		H+152
TRL004	F	Early Iron Age		H+16129
SMT030	F	Early Middle Ages		H10d
NDZ004	F	Early Middle Ages		H13a1a2
NDZ007	F	Late Antique-Early Middle Ages		H13a1a2
TRB003-TRB014	F	Early Bronze Age		H13a1a2
SMT012	F	Late Antique		H1e5b
VNI001	F	Early-High Middle Ages		H20a2
KMR007	F	Hellenistic		H28
TSV013	F	Late Bronze Age		H2a
SVL005	F	Late Antique-Early Middle Ages		H2b
DZN012	F	Early Middle Ages		H4a
FQR007	F	Early Middle Ages		H87
DZN010	F	Early Middle Ages		HV14
KMR006	F	Late Bronze Age		HV1a1
NBG002	F	Iron Age II		HV1a1
NOK003	F	Hellenistic		HV1a1a
SKH005	F	Early Antique		HV1a1a
SVL011	F	Early Middle Ages		HV1a1a
DZN003	F	Late Antique		HV1b3b
TRB009	F	Early Bronze Age		HV2a
NSK001	F	Hellenistic		I
IAF002	F	Early Antique		I1b
KLD009	F	Late Antique		I2
SMT008	F	Late Antique-Early Middle Ages		I2
DZN009	F	Hellenistic		I5c
NSK006	F	Late Antique		I6
DDN011	F	Late Bronze-Early Iron Age		J1b4a
RTV002	F	Late Bronze Age		J1c
SAP007	F	Late Bronze Age		J2b1h
TKA001	F	Middle Bronze Age		K1a
SMT022	F	Early Middle Ages		K1a19
SMT032	F	Early Middle Ages		K1a19a
DDN012	F	Late Bronze-Early Iron Age		K1a4a
BLK001	F	Late Antique-Early Middle Ages		N1a1b1
SMT020	F	Early Middle Ages		N1b1a
TRB013	F	Early Bronze Age		R0a1a
TSV011	F	Late Bronze Age		R1a
DZN007	F	Late Antique		T1
NAT004	F	Hellenistic		T1
SMT031	F	Early Middle Ages		T1
SMT027	F	Early Middle Ages		T1a
KMR012	F	Early Antique		T1a1
KMR024	F	Early Antique		T1a1
FQR004	F	Early Middle Ages		T1a2
KLD003	F	Late Antique		T1b4
MVI002	F	Early Middle Ages		T1b4
TRL006	F	Late Bronze Age		T2
DDN009	F	Late Bronze-Early Iron Age		T2+16189
SKH009	F	Early Antique		T2a2
SVL008	F	Early Middle Ages		T2a3
OGR001	F	Middle Bronze Age		T2a3
KLD002	F	Early Middle Ages		T2b25
SVL009	F	Early Middle Ages		T2b4e
KKT002	F	Early Bronze Age		T2c1a
TEL001	F	Early Iron Age		T2d2
KMR009	F	Hellenistic		T2e
TSH006	F	High Middle Ages		T2i
TRL001	F	Early Iron Age		U1a1a
SVL013	F	Early Middle Ages		U1a1a1a
NDZ005	F	Late Antique-Early Middle Ages		U1a1a3
TCH005	F	Late Antique		U1a1c1
IAF003	F	High Middle Ages		U1b2
NBG001	F	Iron Age II		U3a3
SDL001	F	Hellenistic		U3a3
DZN004	F	Late Antique-Early Middle Ages		U3b
SVL012	F	Early Middle Ages		U3b
SKH014	F	Early Antique		U5a1a1
KLD016	F	Late Antique		U5a1a2a
TSV004	F	Late Bronze Age		U5a1b1a
TSH007	F	Iron Age II		U5a1f
SVL016	F	Early Middle Ages		U8b1a1
SMT033	F	Early Middle Ages		W
TRL003	F	Late Bronze Age		W3b
VRS002	F	Early Antique		W6b
NDZ001	F	Late Antique-Early Middle Ages		X2e2
SVL001	F	Early Middle Ages		X2e2a2
DDN010	F	Late Bronze-Early Iron Age		X2i+@225
KMR008	F	Hellenistic
KMR016	F	Iron Age II
SMT006	F	Late Antique

Aahmes · Jun 13, 2024

Sample SMT017 falls within an exclusively British cluster which is interesting.

Riverman · Jun 13, 2024

Aahmes said:
Sample SMT017 falls within an exclusively British cluster which is interesting.

Yes, he has the same subclade as the aDNA sample from Croatia, remember this post:

To burn or not to burn: LBA/EIA Balkan case

I agree, one must not forget the various Tell Cultures in Pannonian_Carpathian basin were the last Neolithic people of Europe still resisting the IE newcomers, even the original Etruscans are believed to come from Urnfield cultures of these varieties. One of Tell Cultures or some...

www.eupedia.com

Now we got the same haplogroup:
I5724 382-206 calBCE (2235±20 BP, PSUAMS-3094) HRV_IA Sv. Križ Brdovečki Croatia E-Y16721 E1b1b1a1b1a14~

E-Y16721 YTree

www.yfull.com

Its a pretty old and isolated E-V13 branch, which is, usually, typical for early splinter groups, potentially Urnfield or Thraco-Cimmerian in origin.

norbert · Jun 14, 2024

That's an interesting amount of I2a.

kingdavid · Jun 14, 2024

thanks Tautalus for sharing this

nice so I1318 , I1320 , I1323 fall under e-z830
from shida kartli

that is very basic
lets hope to see what will be there downstream branch after bam files will be out
there is a modern day downstream branch of e-m84 which is found in imereti close geographically to shida kartli from
where all those 3 remains came from

p.s
those 3 remains can fall on other the successful downstreams e-m84>pf6751 or e-m84>y5435

Tautalus · Jun 14, 2024

norbert said:
That's an interesting amount of I2a.

There really are a lot of i2a, but it seems that is a branch that is common in this area, especially in Armenia.

Some I2a2b1 (I-Z26403) data in FTDNA :
I2a2b1 frequency

I2a2b1 ancient connections

I2a2b1 ancestral path

bicicleur 2 · Jun 16, 2024

Tautalus said:
There really are a lot of i2a, but it seems that is a branch that is common in this area, especially in Armenia.

Some I2a2b1 (I-Z26403) data in FTDNA :
I2a2b1 frequency

I2a2b1 ancient connections

I2a2b1 ancestral path

Under the older ISOGG versions, this was a subclade of I2c (L596)

I-Z26403 YTree

www.yfull.com

L596>Y16419>Z26403

it's ancestor I-Y16419 probably has it's origins in Central Anatolia and later dispersed in eastern Anatolia

The analysis of Early Neolithic genomes from Anatolia by Mathieson et al. (2015) shows that I2c (L596) was already present in north-western Turkey 8,500 years ago, and had been assimilated by the Neolithic farmers on their way from the Fertile Crescent to Europe. Various ancient DNA studies conducted between 2014 and 2016 revealed that all Mesolithic European lineages became absorbed by the wave of Neolithic farmers. Yet I2a stood out as the most common among them, amounting to 16% of the 69 Neolithic Y-DNA samples tested. That places it as the second most common paternal lineage after G2a, the original lineage lineage of Anatolian farmers. I2a1 seems to have particularly prospered in the Starčevo–Kőrös–Criş culture (6000-4500 BCE) in Southeast Europe, where it is still one of the main male lineages today. I2a1 also appeared in the Printed-Cardium Pottery culture (5000-1500 BCE) in the western Mediterranean. The modern Sardinians and Basques inherited the biggest share of their genome from those Neolithic farmers from the Printed-Cardium Pottery culture.

The Central Anatolian and EEF branches of I-Y16419 became extinct.

In Europe, 2 branches of I-L596 (the former I2c) survive :

I-Y16419, probably via the Caucasus and the Pontic steppe
and
I-S6635, probably of mesolithic Scandinavian origin

I-L596 YTree

www.yfull.com

Dibran · Jun 17, 2024

Tautalus said:
Comparison of Y-chromosome and mtDNA haplogroup distribution in early periods (Early Bronze Age to Iron Age II) and late periods (Early Antique to Early Middle Ages) of the time transect.

Haplogroups Detail

ID Genetic_Sex Archaeological/Historical Period Y_Haplogroup MT_Haplogroup
TSV006 XXY Late Bronze Age unable to call K1a12a
MUK001 M Early Middle Ages can't call I
I1317 M Early Middle Ages E1b1b1a1a1(xE1b1b1a1a1b) H15b
SMT017 M Early Middle Ages E1b1b1a1b1a14~ J1b1b1
I1318 M Early Middle Ages E1b1b1b2(xE1b1b1b2b) J1b
I1320 M Early Middle Ages E1b1b1b2(xE1b1b1b2b) T2a
I1323 M Early Middle Ages E1b1b1b2(xE1b1b1b2b) U3a
DZN014 M Late Antique G1a2 H
DZN006 M Early Middle Ages G1a2 H2
DZN001 M Late Antique G1a2 T2h
DZN008 M Early Middle Ages G1a2a1a~ H13a1a2b
SMT007 M Early Middle Ages G2
NAT001 M Hellenistic G2a1a H2a3
NBG005 M Iron Age II G2a1a1a I1b
VRS008 M Early Antique G2a1a1a K1a+150
TSV008 M Late Bronze Age G2a1a1a T1a1+@152
TCH008 M Late Antique G2a1a1a U3a
VRS003 M Early Antique G2a1a1a1a R1a1
AGV001 M Late Antique G2a1a1a1a1a1a1a [FGC750] H13c2
IGT003 M Early Antique G2a1a1a1a1a1a1a1a2a U3c
KHT001 M Early Middle Ages G2a1a1a3 R1a
KLD013 M Late Antique G2a2a1a X2f1
RTV001 M Late Antique-Early Middle Ages G2a2b D4e1
DZN005 M Late Antique G2a2b1a1a2~ T2g1a
KIM002 M Late Antique G2a2b1a1b1a N1a2
ATK001 M Middle Bronze Age G2a2b2a H13a2b2
ATK005 M Middle Bronze Age G2a2b2a T2a3
ATK006 M Middle Bronze Age G2a2b2a U2d
ATK004 M Middle Bronze Age G2a2b2a1a1a1b U2d
ATK003 M Middle Bronze Age G2a2b2a1a1a1b2 T2h
KHT002 M Early Middle Ages G2a2b2a1a1a1b2a~ HV1a1
KHT003 M Early Middle Ages G2a2b2a1a1a1b2a~ N1b1a3
BBD001 M High Middle Ages H2a1~ U1a1a1
TSV002 M Late Bronze Age I2a2 H2b
AHI001 M Early Iron Age I2a2b J1b3b
SKH002 M Early Antique I2a2b K1a
TSV005 M Late Bronze Age I2a2b K1a17
TSV001 M Late Bronze Age I2a2b T2
NDZ003 M Late Antique-Early Middle Ages I2a2b T2+16189
TSV015 M Late Bronze Age I2a2b U3b
KMR021 M Early Antique I2a2b
KMR015 M Early Antique I2a2b~ H2a1e
TSG002 M Middle Bronze Age I2a2b~ U2e1b
KTR001 M Early Iron Age I2a2b~ U5a1b1
TRL005 M Late Bronze Age I2a2b~ U5b2a1a+16311
TSV009 M Late Bronze Age I2a2b~ U8b1a1
TSG001 M Middle Bronze Age I2a2b~ W3a1
KMR014 M Early Antique I2a2b~ W5a
SAP011 M Late Bronze Age I2a2b1 H15b
TRL002 M Late Bronze Age I2a2b1 U3b
NDZ002 M Early Middle Ages I2a2b1 W1+119
I1325 M Early Middle Ages J1 U2e1a1
KLD006 M Late Antique J1a2a1a2d2b~ R1a
TRB006 M Early Bronze Age J1a2b~ H13a1a1
KIM003 M Late Antique J1a2b~ T2
NSK007 M Hellenistic J1a2b~ U1b2
TRB011 M Early Bronze Age J1a2b~ W3b
KLD008 M Late Antique J1a2b1b~ H14a
TRB010 M Early Bronze Age J1a2b1b2~ H13a1a2
AVR002 M Middle Bronze Age J1a2b1b2~ U4b3
KIM001 M Late Antique J1a2b1b2c1~ I1c1a
KMR013 M Early Antique J2a H+152
AGV002 M Late Antique J2a H13a1a2
VRS005 M Early Antique J2a U3b
FQR006 M Early Middle Ages J2a1 H14a
TSV007 M Late Bronze Age J2a1 K1b1
BZT001 M Early Iron Age J2a1a T1a5
OTA002 M Middle Bronze Age J2a1a H2a2a1
NAT002 M Hellenistic J2a1a1a2 T2d1b2
SVL006 M Early Middle Ages J2a1a1a2 U3b1
VRS006 M Early Antique J2a1a1a2 W6b
I0119 M Late Antique-Early Middle Ages J2a1a1a2(xJ2a1a1a2b) HV
I1331 M Late Antique J2a1a1a2(xJ2a1a1a2b) T2g
KHT006 M Early Middle Ages J2a1a1a2a T2l
ERK001 M Hellenistic J2a1a1a2b1b U1a1a1
VRS004 M Early Antique J2a1a1a2b2 H13a1d
IAF001 M Early Middle Ages J2a1a1a2b2 H27+16093
NDZ009 M Late Antique-Early Middle Ages J2a1a1a2b2 W1+119
BZT002 M Early Iron Age J2a1a1a2b2a H
KMR026 M Early Antique J2a1a1a2b2a I1c1a
NDZ006 M Late Antique-Early Middle Ages J2a1a1a2b2a W6c1
I1332 M Late Antique-Early Middle Ages J2a1a1a2b2a(xJ2a1a1a2b2a1) HV1a'b'c
SVL007 M Early Middle Ages J2a1a1a2b2a1a1a3b2~ W
SMT003 M Late Antique-Early Middle Ages J2a1a1a2b2a3b1 (Z7675) K1a12a
FQR002 M Early Middle Ages J2a1a1a2b2a3b1b3 [Y3619] U7
TSV018-I1326 M Early Middele Ages J2a1a1b3 U3a2a
MGV001 M Late Antique n/a H
TSH004 M High Middle Ages n/a H14a
SMT014 M Hellenistic n/a R1a1
TSV019 M Late Antique-Early Middle Ages n/a T2b
KMR011 M Early Antique n/a U4a1e
KLD010 M Late Antique Q2a1a N1b1a
KLD007 M Late Antique Q2a1a2 U1a1c1
SVL015 M Late Antique-Early Middle Ages R1a1a~ H
SMT004 M Late Antique R1a1a1 W6c
MKV001 M Early Middle Ages R1a1a1b~ X2
SMT025 M Early Middle Ages R1a1a1b1a2b3a3a1a~ H5
KLD012 M Late Antique R1a1a1b2~ W
KMR027 M Early Antique R1a1a1b2a2~ HV1a1
KLD011 M Late Antique R1a1a1b2a2a1 X2i
DZN002 M Late Antique R1a1a1b2a2a1d7~ U3b3
NSK004 M Hellenistic R1b1a1b H+152
AVR001 M Middle Bronze Age R1b1a1b H2
DDN005 M Late Bronze Age R1b1a1b H29
SAP004 M Late Bronze Age R1b1a1b H87
NRK001-TSV003 M Late Bronze Age_unresolved_origin R1b1a1b R1a1b
SMT019 M Early Middle Ages R1b1a1b T2a1b
DDN002 M Late Bronze-Early Iron Age R1b1a1b U3b
KHS001 M Late Antique R1b1a1b1b [Z2105] H13a1a2
TCH004 M Late Antique R1b1a1b1b[M12149] H28
IAF004 M Early Middle Ages R1b1a1b1b1[L584] H
DDN006 M Late Bronze-Early Iron Age R1b1a1b1b1[l584] I5c
KMR005 M Early Antique R1b1a1b1b1[L584] R1a1b
TSV014 M Late Bronze Age R1b1a1b1b1[L584] U1a
DZN011 M Early Middle Ages R1b1a1b1b3a1a1[CTS9219] X2d
SMT018 M Early Middle Ages R2a2b1 H20a2
KMR004 M Hellenistic T1a1a H41a
MRA001 M Late Bronze Age T1a1a T2h
I1321 M Late Antique T1a1a T2i1
KMR003 M Early Antique T1a1a1b2a2 [Y3781] J2a2a1+16311
SMT024 M Early Middle Ages T1a1a1b2b T2a3
SMT023 M Early Middle Ages T1a1a1b2b1a U2e1a1
DDN001 M Late Bronze-Early Iron Age H5a
geo015_tv M Early Bronze Age K1a
gur017_tv M Late Bronze Age N1a1a1a
I1316 F Early Middle Ages .. H
I1322 F Late Antique-Early Middle Ages .. HV6
I1328 F Late Antique .. K1a4f
I1319 F Early Middle Ages .. n/a (<2x)
I1329 F Early Middle Ages .. R1a1
MGV005 F Late Antique n/a H2a2a1
GKL002 F Hellenistic n/a R1a
SGV001 F Middle Bronze Age n/a W
KLD015 F Late Antique N/A W
SMT021 F Early Middle Ages A1a
SMT013 F Late Antique D4e1a2
KIM004 F Late Antique H
KMR001-NOK002 F Iron Age II H+152
SMT005 F Early Antique H+152
SMT009 F Late Antique H+152
SMT010-SMT011 F Late Antique H+152
TRL004 F Early Iron Age H+16129
SMT030 F Early Middle Ages H10d
NDZ004 F Early Middle Ages H13a1a2
NDZ007 F Late Antique-Early Middle Ages H13a1a2
TRB003-TRB014 F Early Bronze Age H13a1a2
SMT012 F Late Antique H1e5b
VNI001 F Early-High Middle Ages H20a2
KMR007 F Hellenistic H28
TSV013 F Late Bronze Age H2a
SVL005 F Late Antique-Early Middle Ages H2b
DZN012 F Early Middle Ages H4a
FQR007 F Early Middle Ages H87
DZN010 F Early Middle Ages HV14
KMR006 F Late Bronze Age HV1a1
NBG002 F Iron Age II HV1a1
NOK003 F Hellenistic HV1a1a
SKH005 F Early Antique HV1a1a
SVL011 F Early Middle Ages HV1a1a
DZN003 F Late Antique HV1b3b
TRB009 F Early Bronze Age HV2a
NSK001 F Hellenistic I
IAF002 F Early Antique I1b
KLD009 F Late Antique I2
SMT008 F Late Antique-Early Middle Ages I2
DZN009 F Hellenistic I5c
NSK006 F Late Antique I6
DDN011 F Late Bronze-Early Iron Age J1b4a
RTV002 F Late Bronze Age J1c
SAP007 F Late Bronze Age J2b1h
TKA001 F Middle Bronze Age K1a
SMT022 F Early Middle Ages K1a19
SMT032 F Early Middle Ages K1a19a
DDN012 F Late Bronze-Early Iron Age K1a4a
BLK001 F Late Antique-Early Middle Ages N1a1b1
SMT020 F Early Middle Ages N1b1a
TRB013 F Early Bronze Age R0a1a
TSV011 F Late Bronze Age R1a
DZN007 F Late Antique T1
NAT004 F Hellenistic T1
SMT031 F Early Middle Ages T1
SMT027 F Early Middle Ages T1a
KMR012 F Early Antique T1a1
KMR024 F Early Antique T1a1
FQR004 F Early Middle Ages T1a2
KLD003 F Late Antique T1b4
MVI002 F Early Middle Ages T1b4
TRL006 F Late Bronze Age T2
DDN009 F Late Bronze-Early Iron Age T2+16189
SKH009 F Early Antique T2a2
SVL008 F Early Middle Ages T2a3
OGR001 F Middle Bronze Age T2a3
KLD002 F Early Middle Ages T2b25
SVL009 F Early Middle Ages T2b4e
KKT002 F Early Bronze Age T2c1a
TEL001 F Early Iron Age T2d2
KMR009 F Hellenistic T2e
TSH006 F High Middle Ages T2i
TRL001 F Early Iron Age U1a1a
SVL013 F Early Middle Ages U1a1a1a
NDZ005 F Late Antique-Early Middle Ages U1a1a3
TCH005 F Late Antique U1a1c1
IAF003 F High Middle Ages U1b2
NBG001 F Iron Age II U3a3
SDL001 F Hellenistic U3a3
DZN004 F Late Antique-Early Middle Ages U3b
SVL012 F Early Middle Ages U3b
SKH014 F Early Antique U5a1a1
KLD016 F Late Antique U5a1a2a
TSV004 F Late Bronze Age U5a1b1a
TSH007 F Iron Age II U5a1f
SVL016 F Early Middle Ages U8b1a1
SMT033 F Early Middle Ages W
TRL003 F Late Bronze Age W3b
VRS002 F Early Antique W6b
NDZ001 F Late Antique-Early Middle Ages X2e2
SVL001 F Early Middle Ages X2e2a2
DDN010 F Late Bronze-Early Iron Age X2i+@225
KMR008 F Hellenistic
KMR016 F Iron Age II
SMT006 F Late Antique

If I'm not mistaken, isn't R1a1a1b2a2a1d7 R-L1029?

If so, what was the historical/genetic makeup of this sample?

Even R1a1a1b2a2a1 another late antiquity sample should at least be M458.

These are samples DZN002 and KLD011

Tautalus · Jun 18, 2024

Dibran said:
If I'm not mistaken, isn't R1a1a1b2a2a1d7 R-L1029?

If so, what was the historical/genetic makeup of this sample?

Even R1a1a1b2a2a1 another late antiquity sample should at least be M458.

These are samples DZN002 and KLD011

R-L1029 is R1a1a1b1a1a1c1 (ISOGG Version: 15.73).

R1a1a1b2a2a1d7 is R-YP451, descendant of R-Y934, descendant of R-Z2123, of the R-Z93 Indo-Iranian branch.

R-Z93 branch in Eupedia

Haplogroup R1a (Y-DNA)

History and description of Haplogroup R1a (Y-chromosomal DNA) and its subclades. Haplogroup R1a is the dominant paternal lineage in Northeast Europe and southern Central Asia. It was diffused around Eurasia by the Indo-Aryans and Balto-Slavic people.

www.eupedia.com

R-YP451 in FTDNA

Welcome to FamilyTreeDNA Discover

Discover more about your paternal ancestry and join in on the research!

discover.familytreedna.com

R-YP451 YTree

www.yfull.com

Arame · Wednesday at 3:21 PM

I-Y16419 is not related to Anatolian I2a2a. They have more than 14.000 years of common ancestor. And the I2a2b story in south Caucasus is related to steppe migrations that introduced both the Z2103 and the I2a2b
Some 4400 years ago. The oldest I2a2b was found in Traleti Vanadzor burial in ancient Armenia, 3900 year old.

Arame · Thursday at 10:49 AM

Here a review how Iberians (Kartvelians) replaced those steppe derived (R1b, I2a2b) people after the 800BC which fits well with the split of Georgian and Zan languages.

Ancient Kartvelians and the Formation of Iberia

The possible steppe connection and Indo-European affiliation of the Trialeti-Vanadzor culture has been known for a long time. However, its p...

aramepal.blogspot.com

Genetic study The Genetic History of the South Caucasus from the Bronze to the Early Middle Ages: 5000 years of genetic continuity despite high mobility

Tautalus

Regular member

The Genetic History of the South Caucasus from the Bronze to the Early Middle Ages: 5000 years of genetic continuity despite high mobility

Tautalus

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Aahmes

Junior Member

Riverman

Well-known member

To burn or not to burn: LBA/EIA Balkan case

E-Y16721 YTree

norbert

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kingdavid

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Tautalus

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bicicleur 2

Well-known member

I-Z26403 YTree

I-L596 YTree

Dibran

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Tautalus

Regular member

Haplogroup R1a (Y-DNA)

Welcome to FamilyTreeDNA Discover

R-YP451 YTree

Arame

Regular Member

Arame

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Ancient Kartvelians and the Formation of Iberia