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That's fine, if we get ancient DNA from Villanovans to prove a strong connection to MBA/LBA Hungary/Poland etc we can confirm genetic affinity with proto Urnfield. I doubt proto Urnfielders settled everywhere they went in big numbers, they enforced their culture/religion on the locals. Those...

1. Sea peoples emergence is similar sort of time of Urnfield expansion and warfare across Europe (1250BC-1150BC). 2. Your suggestions are 2 completely different regions that weren't unified in 1200BC, Sardinia and Aegen. Sea Peoples seemed somewhat unified wearing symbolism, even on their...

My bad, I'll take your word for it

Yes I agree with this and not continuing this conversation until we get more ancient DNA. I have suggested that Terramare could have had relations with proto Urnfield around 1300/1400BC but that doesn't mean that the people from Hungary settled there in big numbers. It also doesn't mean that...

Your Vatya samples are likely from the western tip and not related to Proto Urnfield whereas the Tollense warriors come from the proto Urnfield core from further east Hungary and Poland as stated in the video. There was no 30-40% WHG in east Germany like you're claiming, the video clearly states...

Not sure where you got your Vatya calculations from or if you made them up, the Urnfield Tollense warriors had deep roots in Hungary and up to 40% WHG autosomal - watch the video above. Are you going to claim that these people came from Mars? They had nothing to do with Terramare genetics...

Where are your results to show Vatya was low on WHG? All that has been published so far is ydna i2 - https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatya_culture https://haplotree.info/maps/ancient_dna/slideshow_samples.php?searchcolumn=Country&searchfor=HUNGARY&ybp=500000,0&orderby=MeanYBP&ascdesc=DESC It...

Yeah it looks like they were mostly R1b (post bell beaker), some G2a and a J2b l283 - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8462907/#R16 As for the language Etruscan may have been a developed ANF language like Basque is, pre Indo European.

There is still a fair amount, more than in the balkans for example - https://www.yfull.com/tree/r-u152/ It looks like most of the Roman input is from Anatolia - https://www.yfull.com/tree/J2/

It is Roman Anatolian, probably went to Italy between 1700-1200 years ago. https://austinpublishinggroup.com/genetics-genomic-research/fulltext/ajggr-v2-id1015.php

This is wrong, Terramare people were not related to Vatya. Vatya were mostly i2 and likely high on WHG autosomal, the Tollense Urnfield warriors had 30-40% WHG autosomal and again a lot of i2. However the end of Terramare could be attributed to these Urnfielders who introduced mass scale...

"Pagan teachers (who included philosophers) were banned and their license, parrhesia, to instruct others was withdrawn. Parrhesia had been used for a thousand years to denote "freedom of speech."[7][8]: 87, 93  Despite official threats, sporadic mob violence, and confiscations of temple...

Not sure but south Slavs look a bit different (maybe due to high i2), Albanians look a bit different (maybe due to high e-v13), Scandinavians look a bit different (maybe due to high i1), east Slavs look a bit different (maybe due to high r1a) etc. Maybe ydna has a bigger effect on appearance...

That's to do with nutritional factors, Americans were 170-171cm on average 100 years ago, Europeans even shorter

I came across this, it looks like Christianity was the cause of some civil wars which greatly damaged the Roman Empire due to becoming the main focus and using resources/manpower - "Roman Emperors fought long and hard to stop or reverse the spread of Christianity. These efforts culminated in...

Fair enough, I'm not as well read on history of Christianity but it seemed that Rome collapsed around the sort of time Christianity became main the focus of the empire. I was wondering maybe it wasn't just a coincidence

Appearance very slightly, behaviour no. Behaviour is tied to cultural and educational factors, usually from parents or people you spent most time with and what you watch on TV, internet etc. Appearance is mostly decided by autosomal but ydna also has a very small impact, some sons look almost...

You mentioned Byzantine but not Western Roman empire which completely fell much earlier and was gone before 500AD. This is after the near east migration which can also be traced in Roman Britain and shortly after Christianity became the main focus and was imposed upon the locals. I think these 2...

But why did they pay mercenaries? Because the locals refused to fight for Rome after imposing Christianity and bringing in migrants from near east?

Shouldn't it be a case of Roman empire becoming weaker after influx of "near eastern" immigrants? Romans were sweeping everyone aside in iron age and early AD but then gradually declined after the near eastern influx (especially after introducing Christianity) losing many wars and lands to...